Excertory System Flashcards
Functions of Kidneys (5)
1.Regulate extracellular fluid
2.Concentration of waste products
3.Concentration of electrolytes
4.Balance blood pH
5.Water balance in body
extracellular fluid
fluid found outside of cells
balancing blood pH dose what
get rid of hydrogen
What is Ammonia
waste product in urine, deamination of amino acids by the liver , (toxic)
What is Urea
less toxic ammonia from deamination combined with CO2
What is Uric acid
breakdown of nucleic acid (DNA)
Ammonia,Urea and uric acid are
waste products in urine
What are renal arteries
arteries which carry blood to kidneys from abdominal aorta
What do kidneys do
filter wastes from blood and pass to ureters which pass it along to the bladder
what does bladder do
store urine
what dose urethra do
carry urine from bladder to exterior of body
what dose the kidney outer layer called
cortex
what is the kidney inner layer called
medulla
whats a renal pelvis
hollow area where kidney joins the ureter collect urine and transports it to ureters
kidney functional unit
nephron
whats a peritubular capillary
small blood vessels that surrounds the tubule of the nephron
whats a afferent arteriole
arteriole that bring blood into glomerulus yo be converted into urine , located in the cortex (towards)
whats a efferent arteriole
arteriole that brings blood out of the glomerulus , removing blood and blood components not filtered into nephron located in cortex
whats a glomerulus
high pressure capillary bed that is the site of filtration surrounded by bowman’s capsule
Whats a bowman’s capsule
the cup like structure that surrounds the glomerulus which receives filtrate to be turned into urine under high pressure, located in the cortex and only capillary that has high pressure
whats the only capillary with high pressure
bowman’s capsule
whats proximal tubule
the section of the nephron joining the bowman’s capsule with loop of Henle, re absorption of H2O , located in cortex
whats loop of henle
the section of the tubule that carries filtrate from the proximal tubule to distal tubule , re-absorption of water and descends into medulla
whats the distal tube (cortex)
carries urine from loop of henle to the collecting duct
whats the collecting ducts
tube that carries urine from the nephrons to renal pelvis > many collecting ducts from many nephrons merge into renal pelvis> ureter > bladder
inner layer of kidney
medulla
outer kidney layer
cortex
pathway of urine
renal arteries (abdominal aorta to kidney)> afferent arteriole > glomerulus > (blood out of efferent arteriole)> remaining filtrate urine > bowman’s capsule > proximal tubule > loop of henle (reabsorbs water medulla)> distal tubule (cortex)> collecting ducts (medulla)> nephrons >renal pelvis> ureter > bladder
volume of blood entering kidney ____ because
decreases because the wastes are filtered out ti form urine
filtrate
basically urine not really has urea and other wastes body is getting rid of
wherecsose filtration happen
glomerulus/bowman’s capsule
whats filtration
movment of fluid from the blood into bowman’s capsule
what is reabsorption
transfer of essential solutes and water from the nephron back into blood
whats secretion
transport of materials from the blood into the nephrons
whats exertion
urine transported to the bladder and out of body
When filtration occurs in ____ the pressure is ____
glomerulus, 4times higher than in a normal capillary bed
what are the dussolved solutes that pass through the walls of glomerulus into bowman’s capsule called
filtrate
what dose filtrate include
water, urea,glucose, aa, salts
in filtration what is too large to enter the bowman’s capsule and therefore don’t enter
plasma proteins, blood cells, platelets
molecules that are too large to go into bowman’s capsule leave the glomerulus via___
efferent arteriole and enter back into circulation
reabsorption removes and returns
useful substances (sodium) from filtrate and returns them into blood ti reuse for body
out of 120ml /min filtred into nephron how much is reabsorbed and how much forms urine
reabsorbed:119
urine:1
active transport
requiers energy
dosent require energy
passive transport
what moves with active transport across membrane of cells during reabsorption
Na+ ions
what passes with passive transport across membrane of felis by following the positive Na ions with electrical attraction
Cl- and HCO-
threshold level
no more of that substance can be reabsorbed
what causes water to go out of nephron ( during reabsorption)
solutes that are actively drawn out of nephron create osmotic gradient and outside of nephron is hypertonic to nephron drawing water out (proteins in blood also aid in drawing water)
where is majority of filtrate reabsorbed
proximal tubule 65%
what gets reabsorbed in proximal tubule
NaCl , water, nutrients,K+ HCO3
what reabsobs in descending loop of henle
water (passive)
what reabsorbs in ascending loop of henle botyom n top what kind of reabsorption
NaCl (passive) at bottom of ascending loop
NaCl (active) at topbof ascending loop
ascending loop of henle is _____
impermeable to water
reabsorption of what nutrients occurs in distal tubule
NaCl (active , HCO3 (active) water passive
what nutrients are reabsorbed n how in collecting ducts
Urea(passive) , water (passive) , NaCl (active)
if dehydrated the permeability to water in distal tubule ans collecting duct is _____ resulting in _____ ,
increased, increased water reabsorption, water conservation
where dose urine not filtrate first show up
renal pelvis
secretion happens in
proximal / distal tubules
secretion that occurs in proximal tubule how w what
H+ (active) maintains pH balance, NH3 (passive)
secretion occurs in distal tubule w what how
K+ (active) H+ (active)
reabsorption occurs
everywhere
Exertion occurs where
collecting duct/ to renal pelvis
urine contains n dosent
contains water salt urea uric acid and minerals
no sugar
reabsorption of glucose occurs in
proximal tubule
What is the only transport requiring no energy (reabsorption,excretion, secretion or filtration)
filtration
