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Bio 20 > Excertory System > Flashcards

Excertory System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of Kidneys (5)

A

1.Regulate extracellular fluid
2.Concentration of waste products
3.Concentration of electrolytes
4.Balance blood pH
5.Water balance in body

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2
Q

extracellular fluid

A

fluid found outside of cells

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3
Q

balancing blood pH dose what

A

get rid of hydrogen

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4
Q

What is Ammonia

A

waste product in urine, deamination of amino acids by the liver , (toxic)

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5
Q

What is Urea

A

less toxic ammonia from deamination combined with CO2

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6
Q

What is Uric acid

A

breakdown of nucleic acid (DNA)

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7
Q

Ammonia,Urea and uric acid are

A

waste products in urine

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8
Q

What are renal arteries

A

arteries which carry blood to kidneys from abdominal aorta

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9
Q

What do kidneys do

A

filter wastes from blood and pass to ureters which pass it along to the bladder

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10
Q

what does bladder do

A

store urine

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11
Q

what dose urethra do

A

carry urine from bladder to exterior of body

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12
Q

what dose the kidney outer layer called

A

cortex

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13
Q

what is the kidney inner layer called

A

medulla

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14
Q

whats a renal pelvis

A

hollow area where kidney joins the ureter collect urine and transports it to ureters

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15
Q

kidney functional unit

A

nephron

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16
Q

whats a peritubular capillary

A

small blood vessels that surrounds the tubule of the nephron

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17
Q

whats a afferent arteriole

A

arteriole that bring blood into glomerulus yo be converted into urine , located in the cortex (towards)

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18
Q

whats a efferent arteriole

A

arteriole that brings blood out of the glomerulus , removing blood and blood components not filtered into nephron located in cortex

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19
Q

whats a glomerulus

A

high pressure capillary bed that is the site of filtration surrounded by bowman’s capsule

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20
Q

Whats a bowman’s capsule

A

the cup like structure that surrounds the glomerulus which receives filtrate to be turned into urine under high pressure, located in the cortex and only capillary that has high pressure

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21
Q

whats the only capillary with high pressure

A

bowman’s capsule

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22
Q

whats proximal tubule

A

the section of the nephron joining the bowman’s capsule with loop of Henle, re absorption of H2O , located in cortex

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23
Q

whats loop of henle

A

the section of the tubule that carries filtrate from the proximal tubule to distal tubule , re-absorption of water and descends into medulla

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24
Q

whats the distal tube (cortex)

A

carries urine from loop of henle to the collecting duct

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25
Q

whats the collecting ducts

A

tube that carries urine from the nephrons to renal pelvis > many collecting ducts from many nephrons merge into renal pelvis> ureter > bladder

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26
Q

inner layer of kidney

A

medulla

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27
Q

outer kidney layer

A

cortex

28
Q

pathway of urine

A

renal arteries (abdominal aorta to kidney)> afferent arteriole > glomerulus > (blood out of efferent arteriole)> remaining filtrate urine > bowman’s capsule > proximal tubule > loop of henle (reabsorbs water medulla)> distal tubule (cortex)> collecting ducts (medulla)> nephrons >renal pelvis> ureter > bladder

29
Q

volume of blood entering kidney ____ because

A

decreases because the wastes are filtered out ti form urine

30
Q

filtrate

A

basically urine not really has urea and other wastes body is getting rid of

31
Q

wherecsose filtration happen

A

glomerulus/bowman’s capsule

32
Q

whats filtration

A

movment of fluid from the blood into bowman’s capsule

33
Q

what is reabsorption

A

transfer of essential solutes and water from the nephron back into blood

34
Q

whats secretion

A

transport of materials from the blood into the nephrons

35
Q

whats exertion

A

urine transported to the bladder and out of body

36
Q

When filtration occurs in ____ the pressure is ____

A

glomerulus, 4times higher than in a normal capillary bed

37
Q

what are the dussolved solutes that pass through the walls of glomerulus into bowman’s capsule called

A

filtrate

38
Q

what dose filtrate include

A

water, urea,glucose, aa, salts

39
Q

in filtration what is too large to enter the bowman’s capsule and therefore don’t enter

A

plasma proteins, blood cells, platelets

40
Q

molecules that are too large to go into bowman’s capsule leave the glomerulus via___

A

efferent arteriole and enter back into circulation

41
Q

reabsorption removes and returns

A

useful substances (sodium) from filtrate and returns them into blood ti reuse for body

42
Q

out of 120ml /min filtred into nephron how much is reabsorbed and how much forms urine

A

reabsorbed:119
urine:1

43
Q

active transport

A

requiers energy

44
Q

dosent require energy

A

passive transport

45
Q

what moves with active transport across membrane of cells during reabsorption

A

Na+ ions

46
Q

what passes with passive transport across membrane of felis by following the positive Na ions with electrical attraction

A

Cl- and HCO-

47
Q

threshold level

A

no more of that substance can be reabsorbed

48
Q

what causes water to go out of nephron ( during reabsorption)

A

solutes that are actively drawn out of nephron create osmotic gradient and outside of nephron is hypertonic to nephron drawing water out (proteins in blood also aid in drawing water)

49
Q

where is majority of filtrate reabsorbed

A

proximal tubule 65%

50
Q

what gets reabsorbed in proximal tubule

A

NaCl , water, nutrients,K+ HCO3

51
Q

what reabsobs in descending loop of henle

A

water (passive)

52
Q

what reabsorbs in ascending loop of henle botyom n top what kind of reabsorption

A

NaCl (passive) at bottom of ascending loop
NaCl (active) at topbof ascending loop

53
Q

ascending loop of henle is _____

A

impermeable to water

54
Q

reabsorption of what nutrients occurs in distal tubule

A

NaCl (active , HCO3 (active) water passive

55
Q

what nutrients are reabsorbed n how in collecting ducts

A

Urea(passive) , water (passive) , NaCl (active)

56
Q

if dehydrated the permeability to water in distal tubule ans collecting duct is _____ resulting in _____ ,

A

increased, increased water reabsorption, water conservation

57
Q

where dose urine not filtrate first show up

A

renal pelvis

58
Q

secretion happens in

A

proximal / distal tubules

59
Q

secretion that occurs in proximal tubule how w what

A

H+ (active) maintains pH balance, NH3 (passive)

60
Q

secretion occurs in distal tubule w what how

A

K+ (active) H+ (active)

61
Q

reabsorption occurs

A

everywhere

62
Q

Exertion occurs where

A

collecting duct/ to renal pelvis

63
Q

urine contains n dosent

A

contains water salt urea uric acid and minerals
no sugar

64
Q

reabsorption of glucose occurs in

A

proximal tubule

65
Q

What is the only transport requiring no energy (reabsorption,excretion, secretion or filtration)

A

filtration

Bio 20 (21 decks)

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