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Bio 20 > Population change > Flashcards

Population change Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what inprove oranisms chance at survival

A

advantageous adaptations

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2
Q

adaptations

A

a structure behaviour or physiological process that helps a organism survive and reproduce

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3
Q

3 main types of adaptations

A

Physiological Structural and behavioural

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4
Q

physiological adaptation

A

adaptations tgat occur mostly inside an organism
ex. hibernation number if stomachs venkm skunk spray etc

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5
Q

Structural adaptation

A

physical adaptations
ex. fur ,sharp teeth , short legs

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6
Q

Behavioural adaptations

A

things organisms do to survive
ex. migration hibernation hiding

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7
Q

Antlers are which adaptations

A

physical

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8
Q

venom is what adaptation

A

physiological

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9
Q

how do adaptations develop

A

result of gradual change in the characteristics of members of a population over time. stem from random variations in the populations

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10
Q

variation

A

a visible ir invisible difference between one individual and other members if a population

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11
Q

advantageous variation

A

variation that helps an organism survive that will likely be passed onto offspring and over time become mire and more common in the population

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12
Q

variations come from

A

combinations of parental genetic information and genetic mutations

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13
Q

mutation

A

change in genetic material of an organism caused by mutagens

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14
Q

mutagens

A

things that cause mutations
ex. UV light

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15
Q

gebetic mutations can be __

A

advantageous or neutral

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16
Q

selective advantages

A

characteristics resulted by mutations that improve a organisms chance if survival

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17
Q

superbugs

A

populations that reproduce quickly where the rapidly changing environment results in populations tgat adapt quickly and survive

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18
Q

natural selection

A

process that results in characteristic of a population change because individuals with certain inherited traits survive specific environmental conditions and through reproduction pass on their traits to offspring
aka survival of the fittest

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19
Q

natural selection key thjngs 4

A
  • nature selects who will survive
  • individuals do not change during their lifetime
  • populations change with the passage of time
  • environment exerts a selective pressure on populations where if no individual has traits with with selective advantage ca lead to extinction
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20
Q

selective pressure

A

environmental conditions that select for certain characteristics of individuals and select against others

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21
Q

theory

A

statement that makes successful predictions about broad range if observations

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22
Q

ancient theory’s

A

Aristotle and Pluto believed that all species of organisms had been created independently and gad remained unchanged ever since
believed for 2000 yrs

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23
Q

Buffon’s histoire naturelle theory

A

a french naturalist first to propose life was changing due to similarities he noticed between apes and humans

24
Q

Cuvier’s fossils theory

A

found evidence of species appearing and disappearing over time which priced extinction which was result of earths natural destructive events called thecrevolutions

25
Q

Lyell’s principles of geology theory

A

believed that changes in organisms ocurred slowly and over long periods of time eventually leading to creation of new species
rejected revolution

26
Q

Lamarck theory

A

believed that species increased in complexity over time until they reached perfection and believed organisms could acquire characteristics ti pass of ti children

27
Q

Charles Darwin thory of natural selection was caused by

A

ge went in a round tgecworld voyage and studied many organisms bean adaptations

28
Q

Charles Darwin current theory of evolution

A

evolution takes place because more organisms are produced than can survive and only the organisms best suited for environment survive ti reproduce and pass on advantageous traits to offspring

29
Q

What is needed for natural selection to occur

A

overpopulation, struggle fir existence, variation , survival of the fittest and origin if new species

30
Q

overpopulation

A

the number of offspring produced by a species is more than actually survive

31
Q

struggle ti survive

A

every living organism faces constant struggle to survive and there is competition for food shelter etc only a fraction survive

32
Q

variation

A

individuals if species vary

33
Q

survival if the fittest

A

natural selection and only strongest survive

34
Q

origin of new species

A

organusm that survive have best characteristics that get passed to offspring through reproduction

35
Q

darwin main idea

A

organism vary regardless of environment and environment determines whether variation is harmful (die) or helpful (survive)

36
Q

Lamrack main idea

A

individuals change ti suit their environment which is based on need/want to change

37
Q

further evidence of revolution includes

A

fossil record biogeography anatomy embryology molecular biology

38
Q

how is fossils record a evidence for evolution

A

fossils found in layers of rock resembling todays species appear in chronological order

39
Q

How is biography evidence to evolution

A

this is a study of past and present geographical locations of organisms and geographically close environments have similar species related than ones with similar habitats that are far apart

40
Q

Anatomy:Homologous structure

A

structures with similar structure elements and orgin but different functions

41
Q

anatomy:analogous structures

A

body parts that have different structures but preform similar functions even though organisms do not have common evolutionary origins

42
Q

how is anatomy evidence of evolution

A

analogous and homologous structures meannthat they ince served a function in a common ancestor which means it evolved

43
Q

how is embryology evidence to evolution

A

embryos of different organisms exibit similar embryo development and similarities among embryos in related groups point to common ancestral origins

44
Q

how is molecular biology evidence to evolution

A

Evolutionary relationships between species us shown in DNA and proteins and helps provide evidence for common ancestral origins

45
Q

Artificial selection

A

the process of humans selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits used to alter appearance behaviour and chemical make up of plants and animals

46
Q

what is a species

A

Interbreed(able to produce fertile offspring) able ti produce viable offspring and reproductively from other species

47
Q

Speciation

A

the formation of new species

48
Q

Two ways of speciation

A

Transformation and divergence

49
Q

Transformation speciation

A

new species gradually developing as a result of mutation and adaptation to changing environmental conditions as old species are gradually replaced

50
Q

Divergence speciation

A

one or more species arising from parent species
increasing biological diversity because it increases number of species adaptive radiation

51
Q

what is needed for speciation ti occur

A

two populations must be separated from interbreeding through isolation by geographical or biological barriers

52
Q

geographical barriers

A

Physical separation
ex. mountains rivers
isolation disent have to be maintained forever for speciation to occur

53
Q

Biological barriers

A

reproductive isolation
when species cannot produce viable offspring because of physical incompatibility, different behaviours and pheromones

54
Q

2 types of paces of evolution

A

gradualism and punctured equilibrium

55
Q

gradualism

A

gradual change occurs steadily in a linear fashion then big changes occur as a result of many small changes

56
Q

punctured equilibrium

A

evolutionary history consists of long periods of eqalibrium where there is little changes and punctured or interrupted periods periods of speciation

57
Q

vestigial structures

A

structures that serve no purpose but explained to gave served a porpoise in a ancestor’s once

Bio 20 (21 decks)

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