Biosphere

Question 1

ecology

Answer 1

the study of the relationship between living things (organisms ) and their non living surroundings, the environment

Question 2

biosphere

Answer 2

the narrow zone around the earth that contains life

Question 3

open system

Answer 3

one that allows energy and matter to cross the system boundaries- enter and leave it

Question 4

closed system

Answer 4

one that allows only energy but not matter to cross the boundary

Question 5

is earth a open or closed system

Answer 5

in terms of matter - closed
in terms of energy- open

Question 6

where dose earths energy originate from

Answer 6

the sun

Question 7

life processes include

Answer 7

growth , movement, repair, reproduction

Question 8

albedo

Answer 8

amount of reflected energy

Question 9

which surfaces have a higher albedo

Answer 9

light coloured

Question 10

which surface has a lower albedo

Answer 10

dark surfaces

Question 11

matter ____ within the biosphere but energy _______

Answer 11

cycles, passes through and dose not cycle

Question 12

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 12

as energy is converted from one form to another some energy is always lost in a form of heat ( as no conversion is 100% efficient)

Question 13

how much of suns energy gets absorbed by earths surfaces

Answer 13

51%

Question 14

how much of suns energy is reflected from the clouds atmosphere dust particles etc

Answer 14

30%

Question 15

how much of suns energy is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds

Answer 15

19%

Question 16

how much of suns energy is captured by producers

Answer 16

1-2%

Question 17

in terms of matter earths a

Answer 17

closed system with exception of satellites etc

Question 18

Photosynthetic/ Chemosynthetic organisms

Answer 18

capable of producing their own food
also called producers
ex algae grass trees

Question 19

chemosynthetic

Answer 19

the process where energy is from chemical nutrients is converted into useful energy (carbohydrates) in absence of sunlight
usually occurs in derp sea vent communities where sunlight dose not reach

Question 20

heterotrophs

Answer 20

organisms incapable of photosynthesis
and obtain food and energy from autotrophs and other heterotrophs
aka consumers
ex deer fox hawk

Question 21

decomposers

Answer 21

special group of heterotrophs that break down wastes or detritus
ex fungi bacteria insect

Question 22

detritus

Answer 22

dead matter

Question 23

where do decomposers occur in trophic levels

Answer 23

anywhere

Question 24

consumers include

Answer 24

herbivores, carnivores and omnivores

Question 25

herbivores

Answer 25

feeds on plants

Question 26

carnivores

Answer 26

feeds on animals

Question 27

omnivores

Answer 27

feeds on plants and animals

Question 28

primary consumers

Answer 28

obtain energy/ nutrients from plants

Question 29

secondary consumers

Answer 29

feed on primary consumer’s (herbivores )

Question 30

teritary consumers

Answer 30

feed on secondary consumers

Question 31

trophic levels

Answer 31

describe feeding relationships in ecosystems where energy and matter are transferred

Question 32

producers are what trophic lvl

Answer 32

1

Question 33

primary consumers are trophic lvl

Answer 33

2nd

Question 34

secondary consumers are the trophic lvl

Answer 34

3rd

Question 35

tertiary consumers are the tropic lvl

Answer 35

4th tropic lvl

Question 36

quaternary consumer are what trophic lvl

Answer 36

5th trophic lvl

Question 37

decomposers are what trophic lvl

Answer 37

can occur at any

Question 38

rule if 10

Answer 38

only 10% of energy from one trophic level is transferred ti the next

Question 39

food chains

Answer 39

model that shows the linear relationship through which food is transferred from producers to primary consumers and ti higher trophic lvl

Question 40

food webs

Answer 40

a series of interlocking food chains representing the transfer of energy through tropic lvls

Question 41

ecological pyramids

Answer 41

used to represent flow of energy in food chains

Question 42

3 types of ecological pyramids

Answer 42

numbers , biomass, energy

Question 43

pyramid of numbers

Answer 43

drawn by counting the numbers of organisms at each trophic lvl

Question 44

which ecological pyramid can be inverted

Answer 44

numbers and biomass

Question 45

which ecological pyramid cant be invented

Answer 45

energy

Question 46

pyramid of biomass

Answer 46

measures of dry tissue at each trophic lvl grams per square meter

Question 47

in ehich ecosystem will the biomass pyramid the amount of producers be less than the biomass of organisms that feed on them

Answer 47

ocean

Question 48

pyramid of energy

Answer 48

measures thermal energy released from chemical bonds at each trophic lvl most accurate representation of energy

Question 49

why is there a limit to the length of food chains

Answer 49

at higher levels theres much less energy

Question 50

biomagnification

Answer 50

the accumulation of chemicals which increase in concentrations as you move up the food chain