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Bio 20 > Biosphere > Flashcards

Biosphere Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ecology

A

the study of the relationship between living things (organisms ) and their non living surroundings, the environment

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2
Q

biosphere

A

the narrow zone around the earth that contains life

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3
Q

open system

A

one that allows energy and matter to cross the system boundaries- enter and leave it

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4
Q

closed system

A

one that allows only energy but not matter to cross the boundary

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5
Q

is earth a open or closed system

A

in terms of matter - closed
in terms of energy- open

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6
Q

where dose earths energy originate from

A

the sun

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7
Q

life processes include

A

growth , movement, repair, reproduction

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8
Q

albedo

A

amount of reflected energy

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9
Q

which surfaces have a higher albedo

A

light coloured

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10
Q

which surface has a lower albedo

A

dark surfaces

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11
Q

matter ____ within the biosphere but energy _______

A

cycles, passes through and dose not cycle

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12
Q

second law of thermodynamics

A

as energy is converted from one form to another some energy is always lost in a form of heat ( as no conversion is 100% efficient)

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13
Q

how much of suns energy gets absorbed by earths surfaces

A

51%

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14
Q

how much of suns energy is reflected from the clouds atmosphere dust particles etc

A

30%

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15
Q

how much of suns energy is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds

A

19%

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16
Q

how much of suns energy is captured by producers

A

1-2%

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17
Q

in terms of matter earths a

A

closed system with exception of satellites etc

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18
Q

Photosynthetic/ Chemosynthetic organisms

A

capable of producing their own food
also called producers
ex algae grass trees

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19
Q

chemosynthetic

A

the process where energy is from chemical nutrients is converted into useful energy (carbohydrates) in absence of sunlight
usually occurs in derp sea vent communities where sunlight dose not reach

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20
Q

heterotrophs

A

organisms incapable of photosynthesis
and obtain food and energy from autotrophs and other heterotrophs
aka consumers
ex deer fox hawk

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21
Q

decomposers

A

special group of heterotrophs that break down wastes or detritus
ex fungi bacteria insect

22
Q

detritus

A

dead matter

23
Q

where do decomposers occur in trophic levels

A

anywhere

24
Q

consumers include

A

herbivores, carnivores and omnivores

25
Q

herbivores

A

feeds on plants

26
Q

carnivores

A

feeds on animals

27
Q

omnivores

A

feeds on plants and animals

28
Q

primary consumers

A

obtain energy/ nutrients from plants

29
Q

secondary consumers

A

feed on primary consumer’s (herbivores )

30
Q

teritary consumers

A

feed on secondary consumers

31
Q

trophic levels

A

describe feeding relationships in ecosystems where energy and matter are transferred

32
Q

producers are what trophic lvl

A

1

33
Q

primary consumers are trophic lvl

A

2nd

34
Q

secondary consumers are the trophic lvl

A

3rd

35
Q

tertiary consumers are the tropic lvl

A

4th tropic lvl

36
Q

quaternary consumer are what trophic lvl

A

5th trophic lvl

37
Q

decomposers are what trophic lvl

A

can occur at any

38
Q

rule if 10

A

only 10% of energy from one trophic level is transferred ti the next

39
Q

food chains

A

model that shows the linear relationship through which food is transferred from producers to primary consumers and ti higher trophic lvl

40
Q

food webs

A

a series of interlocking food chains representing the transfer of energy through tropic lvls

41
Q

ecological pyramids

A

used to represent flow of energy in food chains

42
Q

3 types of ecological pyramids

A

numbers , biomass, energy

43
Q

pyramid of numbers

A

drawn by counting the numbers of organisms at each trophic lvl

44
Q

which ecological pyramid can be inverted

A

numbers and biomass

45
Q

which ecological pyramid cant be invented

A

energy

46
Q

pyramid of biomass

A

measures of dry tissue at each trophic lvl
grams per square meter

47
Q

in ehich ecosystem will the biomass pyramid the amount of producers be less than the biomass of organisms that feed on them

A

ocean

48
Q

pyramid of energy

A

measures thermal energy released from chemical bonds at each trophic lvl
most accurate representation of energy

49
Q

why is there a limit to the length of food chains

A

at higher levels theres much less energy

50
Q

biomagnification

A

the accumulation of chemicals which increase in concentrations as you move up the food chain

Bio 20 (21 decks)

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