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Bio 20 > Respiration Unit > Flashcards

Respiration Unit Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is earths atmosphere made of?

A

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1%other gases

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2
Q

Breathing

A

The movement of air from the environment into the body

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3
Q

Respiration

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and environment

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4
Q

External Respiration

A

exchange of gases between lungs and the circulatory system

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5
Q

Internal respiration

A

exchange of gasses between the circulatory system and tissues/cells

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6
Q

Order of respiration and breathing

A

Breathing >External Respiration >Internal Respiration >cellular respiration

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7
Q

adaptation for gas exchange

A

thin walls, moist, richly supplied blood vessels and large SA

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8
Q

where is the respiratory tract located

A

deep in body protected by muscular and bone structure called thoracic cavity

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9
Q

air enters the body through the

A

mouth and nasal passage

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10
Q

Pharynx

A

aka throat or the passageway for air in the respiratory system and food for the digestive system

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11
Q

epiglottis

A

cartilage flap trap door which closes over tge trachea when u swallow food so it doesn’t enter

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12
Q

epiglottis location

A

behind tounge in front of larynx

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13
Q

larynx

A

voice bow cartilage containing vocal cords

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14
Q

how dose larynx function

A

breathing >large gap between vocal cords
talking >muscles contract and vocal cords move closer together and vibrate to make sound

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15
Q

different sounds=

A

different tension of the ligaments as air passes by

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16
Q

longer cords =

A

lower sound

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17
Q

shorter cords =

A

higher sound

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18
Q

puberty in larynx

A

cartilage of pharynx and vocal cords increase in size and thickness = voice breaking in males due to fast growing cords

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19
Q

trachea

A

windpipe contains mucus producing cells that trap particles not trapped by nasal passage

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20
Q

What helps keep trechea from collapsing

A

semicircular cartilaginous arches help keep it open and allow faces esophagus to expand when swallowing food

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21
Q

bronchi

A

trachea branches into smaller passageways which enter left n right lungs

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22
Q

bronchioles

A

bronchi subdivided into smaller branches
smooth myscle and lack cartilage lined with cilia and mucus that trap forgein pathogens

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23
Q

dose bronchi have cartilage?

A

yes

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24
Q

dose bronchioles have cartilage

A

lacks it

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25
Q

alveoli

A

tiny cluster of sacs at end of bronchioles that r one cell thick for gas diffusion n site of gas exchange

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26
Q

what are alveoli surrounded by

A

capillaries and lined with lubricating film

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27
Q

diffusion of gases from alveoli

A

o2 breathed in moves from within alveoli to the capillaries and co2 goes from capillaries to alveoli to breath out

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28
Q

Alveoli during exhalation

A

alveoli collapse , membranes touch and dont stick together due to protein called lipoprotein

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29
Q

lipoprotein

A

the protein that stops alveoli from touching during exhalation

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30
Q

pleural membrane

A

fine layer of fluid between lungs and ribs to prevent friction during inhalation

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31
Q

how is movement of air determined

A

pressure différence between the atmosphere and chest cavity deteriorated the movement of air from high to low

32
Q

inhalation occurs when -

A
  • the pressure in the lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure
33
Q

Exhalation occurs when -

A

-the pressure in the lungs is higher than atmospheric pressure

34
Q

Diaphragm

A

dome shaped muscle that separates thorax from abdomen organs and regulates the pressure in lungs with assistance from intercostal muscles

35
Q

intercostal muscle

A

muscles between ribs that help diaphragm regulate pressure in lungs

36
Q

pressure and volume relationship

A

as volume increases pressure decreases vice versa

37
Q

during inhalation diaphragm-

A

contracts pulling downwards and intercostal muscles contract pulling ribs up n down

38
Q

during inhalation volume n pressure relationship in thoracic n lungs

A

thoracic volume increases>thoracic pressure decreases
lung volume increases >lung pressure decreases

39
Q

during inhalation what causes air to rush in

A

higher pressure in enviro than lungs

40
Q

where is the diaphragm

A

inside chest cavity

41
Q

during exhalation diaphragm, pressure n volume

A

relaxes (dome shaped) pulling upward and thoracic pressure increases, lung volume decreases pressure in lungs increases

42
Q

Tidal volume

A

volume of air that is inhaled and exhaled in normal breath

43
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

additional volume of air that can be taken in lungs beyond reg inhalation

44
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

the additional volume of air that can be forced out of lungs beyond regular exhalation

45
Q

vital capacity

A

the total volume of gas that can be moved into or out of lungs (tidal volume + inspiratory reserve + expiratory reserve)

46
Q

residual volume

A

the amount of gas that remains in the lungs after full exhale

47
Q

pneumothorax

A

collapsed lung where air leaks between chest wall n lung which pushes on outside of lung causing it ti collapse

48
Q

daltons law

A

each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure (partial pressure

49
Q

gas laws

A

gasses will diffuse from areas of high partial pressure to low partial pressure

50
Q

external respiration dose what

A

enriches the blood with 02

51
Q

what causes 02 to diffuse out of air in the lungs into the bloodstream

A

air breathed into lungs has higher partial pressure of O2 than the blood in pulmonary capillaries

52
Q

external respiration of CO2 dose what

A

allows waste of carbon dioxide to be breathed out and remove from your body

53
Q

how external respiration works

A

blood flowing to pulmonary capillaries has higher partial pressure of CO2 than air in lungs causing CO2 to diffuse out if blood into alveoli and be breathed out

54
Q

internal respiration

A

CO2 and O2 are exchanged between capillaries and alveoli where the blood in capillaries goes back to the heart and tissue, cells

55
Q

O2 transport in blood

A

99% of O2 transported on a molecule called hemoglobin only in red blood cells and rest is dissolved in blood plasma

56
Q

Components of blood

A

55% Plasma 44% red blood cells and 1% platelets and white blood cells

57
Q

Plasma components

A

water, ions, proteins, nutrients, wastes and gasses

58
Q

CO2 transport in the blood

A

23% carried by hemoglobin, 7% carried in plasma and 70% combines with water and forms carbonic acid

59
Q

carbonic acid is _____ and almost immediately dissociates into _______ and ______

A

very unstable, Bicarbonate ions and hydrigen ions

60
Q

medulla oblongata

A

nerves in brain that control breathing movement

61
Q

what activate medulla oblongata

A

high CO2 chemoreceptors activate medulla oblongata to send messages ti intercostal muscles and diaphragm to increase breathing

62
Q

as CO2 levels fall chemoreceptors become _______

A

inactive

63
Q

response to exercise

A

ventilation can increase 20x with heavy exercise

64
Q

important factors that increase ventilation

A

decreased 02 increased CO2 and H

65
Q

Blood doping dose what

A

increases amount of hemoglobin in bloodstream which allows higher amounts of oxygen ti reach and fuel athletes muscles

66
Q

hemoglobin

A

oxygen carrying protein in the blood

67
Q

whar is improved by allowing higher amounts of oxygen ti reach and fuel muscles

A

stamina and performance in long distance events

68
Q

Altitude and training

A

high altitude lower atmospheric pressure which makes it difficult ti get O2 in our blood and causes red blood cells to counter lower oxygene saturation in blood

69
Q

Laryngitis

A

inflammation on the larynx due to viral infection or over stranibg voice

70
Q

Pneumonia

A

disease that iccurs when alveoli become inflamed and fill with liquid

71
Q

Bronchitis

A

bronchi become inflamed and filled with mucus

72
Q

Emphysema

A

walls of alveoli loose elasticity making exhalation difficult

73
Q

Asthma

A

constant inflammation in airways

74
Q

Cyst fibrosis

A

genetic condition that effects lungs that disrupts the function of cells lining in passageway to lungs

75
Q

Lung cancer

A

uncontrolled and invasive growth of cells in lungs

Bio 20 (21 decks)

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