Excretory system pt.2 Flashcards
how much of a kidney do u need to survive
1/3rd of one kidney
What is diabetes Mellitus caused by
the bodies inability to produce insulin or use insulin secreted from islet cells into pancreas properly
what are results of diabetes mellitus
no insulin = high concentration of blood sugar which draws water to nephron which makes large volumes of urine containg alot of glucose and water
diabetes mellitus symptoms
excrete large volumes of urine, thirsty all the time
whats diabetes insipides
destruction of ADH production due ti autoimmune disorders, certain drugs viruses or infections (can be genetic) causing higw quantities of diluted urine to be excreted
diabetes insipides symthoms
peeing large amounts and constant thirst
diabetes mellitus treatment
monitor diet , medication
diabetes insipides treatment
synthetic ADH
whats nephritis (brights disease)
inflammation of the nephrons due to virus , infection, autoimmune disease or hypertension high BP which causes dmg to glomerulus
what happens when u have Nephritis(Bright disease ) in ur body
large proteins can pass into nephrons drawing in excess volumes of water , RBC may leak out of damaged glomeruli causing blood to appear in urine , can cause irreversible kidney dmg and eventual failure
what dose Nephritis (brights disease) cause
blood in urine, irreversible kidney dmg and eventually failure
Nephritis (brights disease) treatment
antibiotics or immunosuppressant depending on cause
What are Kidney stones
Precipitate formed from minerals in blood
what happens when u have kidney stones
sharp sided stones can get lodged in renal pelvis or may be moved down ureter into bladder and be passed out of body with urine , kidney stones tear delicate tissue and cause excruciating pain
kidney stones treatment
be broken up through ultrasound waves and be passed sown more easily through urinary tract
Whats a kidney dialysis
temporary solution for people whose kidney cannot effectively process bodily wastes until they recive kidney transplant
2types of kidney dialysais
Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis
whats hemodialysis
utilizes artificial membrane in a external device that is connected to an artery and a vein in persons arm
whats peritoneal dialysais
utilizes the lining of intestines (peritoneum) as dialysais membrane, introduced to abdominal cavity where large SA area and rich supply of capillaires slowly filter blood
Whats a kidney transplant
individuals with less than 10% of kidney function replace their kidney
why is there 2 sources of kidney transplant and what are they
theres two sources because the need is much greater than supply
- Cadaveric donors (from dead ppl)
- live donors
how does water balace adjust for increased water intake
increased water output
how dose water balance adjust for increased exercise or water intake
decreasing urine output
water balance adjustments involve communication between _____ and _____
nervous system (brain hypothalamus) and endorcrine system (ADH + aldosterone)
brain hypothalamus do what
monitor for water intake and see if too much is going in out and trigger ADH to release or not
What does ADH stand for
Antidiuretic Hormone
whats ADH
hormone made n stored in brain that regulates osmotic pressure of body fluids and acts on kidney to increase water reabsorption
when ADH is released it produces ____ urine and why
more concentrated to preserve water
where is ADH produced
in brain by specilized nerve cells found in hypothalamus
whats ADH known as
anti peeing hormone
whats aldosterone
hormone produced in adrenal cortex above kidneys that brings salt in that triggers water ti follow
what is aldosterone trigger cycle
drop in blood pressure > acts on nephrons to increase Na reabsorption > water follows salt , moves out of nephron by osmosis > decreases urine output
what are ADH and Aldosterone common goal
to conserve water
Blood pH
7.4 - basic
why is maintaining blood pH crucial
bc u need to maintain it at a pH where cells and enzymes can function properly
acid/base buffer system prevents changes in pH by adding or removing
H+
in Blood thats too acidic >
H+ excreted, HCO3- reabsorbed
in blood thats too basic>
H+ is not excreted , HCO3- is not reabsorbed
