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Veterinary Physiology > Structure & Innervation of the GI Tract > Flashcards

Structure & Innervation of the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the GI tract is _____ and ______ of nutrients.

A

digestion & absorption

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2
Q

List the general activities to accomplish digestion and absorption.

A
  • motility
  • secretions
  • digestion
  • nutrients absorbed
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3
Q

Tract the linear sequence of the GI tract.

A

mouth —> esophagus —> stomach —> small intestine —> large intestine —> anus

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4
Q

List the support structures of the GIT

A
  • salivary glands
  • pancreas
  • liver
  • gallbladder
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5
Q

What is the purpose of salivary glands?

A

lubrication, buffering, digestion of carbs, fat

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the pancreas?

A

buffering, digestion of carbs, lipids, proteins

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the liver? It is the _____ in metabolism.

A

receives all nutrients absorbed from gut (portal vein, fat and carb metabolism, bile)
“first-pass” metabolism

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the gallbladder?

A

store bile

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9
Q

What happens in the stomach?

A

protein breakdown, mix bolus —> chyme, decrease particle size

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10
Q

What happens in the small intestine?

A

digestion and absorption of carbs, lipids, proteins, absorption of vitamins and minerals

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11
Q

What happens in the large intestine?

A

water reabsorption, fermentation of fiber

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12
Q

What are the two surfaces of the GIT wall?

A

mucosal, serosal

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13
Q

What does the mucosal layer face?

A

the lumen

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14
Q

What does the serosal layer face?

A

the blood (basolateral)

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15
Q

List the main layers of the wall.

A

mucosal layer (lumen)
submucosal layer
smooth muscle
serosa

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16
Q

What are the 3 components of the mucosal layer?

A

epithelial cells
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

17
Q

What are the epithelial cells?

A

have absorptive and secretory functions
- sloughed and replaced after
part of the mucosal layer

18
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

contains CT, blood, & lymph tissue
part of the mucosal layer

19
Q

What is the muscularis mucosae?

A

smooth muscle cells
- change shape and surface area of epithelial cell layer
part of mucosal layer

20
Q

List the components of the submucosal layer.

A

collagen, elastin, glands, blood vessels

21
Q

Which layer of smooth muscle is thinner with fewer nerves?

A

longitudinal muscle

22
Q

The submucosal plexus, or _______ plexus, is between the _____ & ______.

A

Meissner’s
circular muscle & submucosa

23
Q

The myenteric plexus, or ______ plexus, is between the ____ & ______.

A

Auerbach’s
longitudinal & circular layers

24
Q

T/F: The enteric system is partially dependent on the brain and spinal cord.

A

FALSE - it can operate independent, functions even if vagus nerve is severed

25
Q

The enteric system can control functions of the GIT in _________ via _________.

A

extrinsic system, via short reflex arcs

26
Q

Where is the enteric nervous system located?

A

in ganglia of myenteric and submucosal plexuses

27
Q

The ganglia in the myenteric & submucosal plexuses receive sensory information directly from ______ & sends motor information directly to _______

A

FROM receptors in mucosa
TO smooth muscle, secretory, and endocrine cells

28
Q

What are the enteric neurons?

A

neurotransmitters, neuromodulators

29
Q

Enteric plexuses communicate w/ things how?

A

interneurons and with CNS via vagal, pelvic, and splanchnic nerves

30
Q

Most neurons of the ENS can secrete 2 or more _______.

A

neurotransmitters or neuromodulators

31
Q

What does the vagus nerve innervate?

A

innervates upper GIT, striated muscle in upper 1/3rd of esophagus, wall of stomach, and ascending colon

32
Q

Define pelvic nerve.

A

innervates lower GIT - striated muscle of external anal canal, walls of transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon

33
Q

Where are PSNS ganglion located?

A

myenteric and submucosal plexuses within walls of GIT
- coordinated and relayed to smooth m., endocrine, secretory cells

34
Q

List postganglionic neurons of PSNS

A

cholinergic (Ach) or peptidergic (substance P)

35
Q

Afferent fibers in vagus nerve deliver sensory info from _________

A

periphery (receptors in wall of GIT) to CNS

36
Q

Efferent fibers in vagus nerve deliver motor information from ________

A

CNS to target tissues (smooth muscle, secretory, endocrine cells)

37
Q

T/F: SNS has short preganglionic fibers that synapse in ganglia inside the GIT.

A

FALSE - OUTSIDE

38
Q

List the 4 sympathetic ganglia that serve the GIT.

A

celiac*
cranial mesenteric*
caudal mesenteric
hypogastric
* = celiacomesenterical

39
Q

Postganglionic nerve fibers leave the sympathetic ganglia and synapse on ganglia in the ______ and ______ OR directly __________.

A

myenteric and submucosal plexuses
OR
directly innervate smooth muscle, endocrine, secretory cells

Veterinary Physiology (26 decks)

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