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Veterinary Physiology > Avian Digestive Physiology > Flashcards

Avian Digestive Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

The ______ (organ) of a bird is very short

A

large intestine

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2
Q

What is the oropharynx?

A

combined cavity of the mouth and pharynx extending from beak to esophagus

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3
Q

How does a bird use its beak to drink water?

A

birds scoop water and lift beak
water goes down by gravity

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4
Q

What are the parts of the oropharynx in birds?

A

beak
laryngeal mound
taste buds throughout

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5
Q

Define laryngeal mound

A

caudal to base of tongue with median slit = glottis

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6
Q

Do birds have an epiglottis?

A

NO

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7
Q

Do birds have taste buds?

A

yes, in the oropharynx

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8
Q

The composition of birds saliva is mostly [water/mucus]

A

mucus, with some amylase

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9
Q

The crop is near the ______

A

thoracic inlet

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10
Q

The pre-crop is near the ______ region

A

cervical

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the crop?

A

to store food when rapidly eating, especially when the gizzard is full

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12
Q

The crop has a small amount of ______

A

fermentation

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13
Q

The crop is important for which types of birds?

A

birds that ARE prey

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14
Q

What are the parts of the avian stomach?

A

proventriculus
gizzard (ventriculus)

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15
Q

The proventriculus is the _____ chamber, with what components?

A

gastric chamber
HCl
pepsinogen
gastric lipase
mucus

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16
Q

The gizzard is responsible for ________

A

mechanical grinding

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17
Q

Small stone and grit accumulate in the ______

A

gizzard

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18
Q

What is the gizzard lined with?

A

a thick cuticle called koilin

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19
Q

There are solid secretions in the gizzard to protect from ____ & ______. Secretions solidify after exposure to ______

A

acid & pepsin
acid

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20
Q

Overall, these organs are a lot shorter in birds.

A

intestines

21
Q

What is in the duodenal loop?

A

pancreas

22
Q

The bird doesn’t have what carbohydrate?

A

lactose

23
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum

A

yolk sac vestige
distinction between jejunum & ileum

24
Q

How often are the gastroduodenal contractions in birds?

A

about 3/min

25
Q

What are the sequences of gastroduodenal motility in birds?

A

contraction of thin ventricular muscles
2-3 peristaltic waves through duodeunum
contraction of thick ventricular muscles
peristaltic wave through ventriculus

26
Q

How many times per hour does digesta reflux into ventriculus from the duodenum and upper jejunum

A

4x/hr

27
Q

What is not present in hawks or songbirds?

A

paired ceca

28
Q

The paired ceca is important for

A

microbial fermentation of cellulose

29
Q

What is separated from ileum by ileocecal folds?

A

paired ceca

30
Q

What happens in the paired ceca of birds?

A

water reabsorbed here from refluxed urine
urine from cloaca refluxed into ceca and uric acid provides nitrogen for bacteria

31
Q

What happens in the large intestine?

A

water reabsorption

32
Q

The cloaca is a common opening for _______, ________, and ________ systems

A

digestive
reproductive
urinary

33
Q

What happens in the cloaca?

A

excrete feces and urine together
urine in form of uric acid

34
Q

What is the vent?

A

opening to the exterior

35
Q

What is the function of the bursa of fabricius?

A

immune function

36
Q

What is the series of major and minor contractions?

A

cecal evaluation

37
Q

What is the action of moving urine from cloaca to ceca to colon?

A

anti peristalsis in the colon

38
Q

How many antiperistaltic contractions per minute are there in the colon?

A

10-14

39
Q

Major contractions mean _______

A

defecation

40
Q

Minor contractions mean ________

A

mixing

41
Q

The liver is _______

A

bi-lobed

42
Q

What species don’t have a gallbladder?

A

pigeons

43
Q

Each lobe has a ______ draining into duodenum near pancreatic ducts

A

bile duct

44
Q

Poultry have _____ cecal droppings per day

A

1-2

45
Q

What is the difference between cecal droppings and intestinal droppings?

A

cecal: chocolate brown color, homogenous texture 1-2 cecal droppings
intestinal: greenish, granular texture; 25-50 intestinal droppings per day

46
Q

High _____ diets will not be digested

A

fiber

47
Q

What happens during an impacted crop?

A

consuming too much grass/fibrous material
can happen if go long time without eating and then fast, too much, or eat a lot of grass
food fails to move out due to obstruction
lack of normal muscle contraction

48
Q

What happens in sour crop?

A

overgrowth of yeast —> disrupts normal bacteria/dilation and thickening of crop wall
bad breath

49
Q

What is Marek’s disease?

A

affects nervous system controlling contractions
sour crop

Veterinary Physiology (26 decks)

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