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Derm Exam 1 > Structure and Function of Skin > Flashcards

Structure and Function of Skin Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

functions of the skin

A
  • barrier function
  • immunologic function
  • temperature regulation
  • protection from radiation
  • nerve sensation
  • injury repair
  • appearance
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2
Q

the skin provides a physical barrier that regulates ____ loss

A
  • water loss
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3
Q

what chronic skin condition is associated with barrier dysfunction

A
  • atopic dermatitis
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4
Q

dysfunction of the immunologic barrier of the skin leads to

A
  • infection
  • skin cancer
  • inflammatory skin conditions
  • allergy
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5
Q

the skin helps maintain a constant body temperature with the insulating properties of ___ and _____

A
  • fat and hair
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6
Q

the skin accelerates heat loss with _____ production and a dense superficial ______

A
  • sweat production

- microvasculature

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7
Q

an example of thermoregulation dysfunction where there are chronic episodic attacks of digital ischemia provoked by exposure to cold is

A
  • Raynaud’s phenomenon
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8
Q

the dark pigment ________ protects cells against ultraviolet radiation

what layer of the skin is it in

A
  • melanin

- epidermis

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9
Q

dysfunction of _______ production causes the patient to be more susceptible to skin cancer

A
  • melanin production
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10
Q

what is pruritus

A
  • itching
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11
Q

what is dyesthesia

A
  • abnormal sensation
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12
Q

4 phases of cutaneous wound repair process

A
  • coagulation
  • inflammatory
  • proliferative-migratory (tissue formation)
  • remodeling
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13
Q

loss of the ability to repair injury leads to

A
  • delayed wound healing
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14
Q

3 layers of the skin

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • subcutis
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15
Q

what layer of the skin is the topmost layer

consists primarily of

A
  • epidermis

- keratinocytes

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16
Q

what layer lies below the epidermis

consists primarily of

A
  • dermis
  • fibroblasts
  • collagen
  • elastic fibers
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17
Q

other names for the subcutis

A
  • panniculus

- hypodermis

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18
Q

4 major layers of the epidermis (from outside to inside)

A
  • stratum corneum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum basale
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19
Q

it takes how long for basal cells to reach the stratum corneum

it takes how long for cells to shed

A
  • 2 weeks

- 2 weeks

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20
Q

the basal layer is the source of _____ cells

what occurs here

A
  • epidermal stem cells

- cell division

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21
Q

________ (cells) start in the basal layer and move upwards

A
  • keratinocytes
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22
Q

what is the most common form of skin cancer

A
  • basal cell carcinoma
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23
Q

what presents as pearly, erythematous papules or plaques with rolled border and telangectasias in sun-exposed areas

A
  • basal cell carcinoma
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24
Q

spinous layer is the center of the epidermis that has a ________ appearance due to _______ which hold keratinocytes together

A
  • shiny appearance

- desmosomal junctions

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25
Q

______ produced by the keratinocytes in the ____ cell layer and secreted into the extracellular space between the keratinocyte forms a _____ barrier that keeps water in the skin

A
  • lipids
  • granular
  • water barrier
26
Q

which layer is made up of desquamating keratinocytes

A
  • stratum corneum
27
Q

(stratum corneum) thick outer layers of flattened keratizined non-nucleated cells provide a _____ against __________

A
  • barrier

- against trauma and infection

28
Q

what are keratinocytes in the stratum corneum filled with

A
  • keratin

- filaggrin

29
Q

what in the stratum corneum surrounds the keratinocytes and provides the water barrier

A
  • lipid mixture
30
Q

filaggrin is found in what layer of the epidermis

function

A
  • granular cell layer

- retains water within keratinocytes

31
Q

mutations in filaggrin cause

A
  • atopic dermatitis
32
Q

what disease is caused by loss of adhesion between the dermis and epidermal layers

  • autoimmune blistering disease with autoantibodies to antigens on hemidesmosomes that anchor basal layer to the dermis
A
  • bullous pemphigoid
33
Q

in _______ the rate of epidermal turnover is increased which leads to cell thickening

A
  • psoriasis
34
Q

the accelerated rate of movement through the epidermis doesn’t allow adequate time for _______ which is recognized as _______

A
  • differentiation

- scale

35
Q

three main types of cells that make up the epidermis

which makes up the majority of cells in the epidermis

A
  • keratinocytes (majority)
  • melanocytes
  • langerhans cells
36
Q

what holds keratinocytes together and looks like stripes or spines between cells

A
  • desmosomes
37
Q

melanocytes produce and transfer _____ to the _______ in the _____ layer

A
  • melanin pigement
  • to the keratinocytes
  • in the basal layer
38
Q

what are benign collection of melanocytes

A
  • melanocytic nevi
39
Q

what is a malignancy of melanocytes

A
  • melanoma
40
Q

what the immune cell of the skin

what kind of cell are they

function

A
  • langerhans cell
  • dendritic cell
  • present antigen
41
Q

langerhans cells of the skin are important in ____ type hypersensitivity

A
  • delayed-type
42
Q

a common skin disease in which langerhans cells play a prominent role is

A
  • allergic contact dermatitis
43
Q

two layers of the dermis

A
  • papillary dermis

- reticular dermis

44
Q

what layer of the skin provides a flexible but tough support structure and contains the blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves which supply the skin as well as sweat glands and hair follices

A
  • dermis
45
Q

what layer of the skin are hair follicles and sebaceous (oil) glands found

A
  • dermis
46
Q

where do fibroblasts and mast cells reside

A
  • dermis
47
Q

which cells are responsible for the synthesis and degradation of connective tissue proteins

they are instrumental in

A
  • fibroblasts

- wound healing and scarring

48
Q

what results from uncontrolled synthesis and excessive deposition of collagen at sites of prior dermis injury and wound repair

A
  • keloids
49
Q

mast cells are specialized cells that are responsible for the ______ type hypersensitivity reaction in the skin

A
  • immediate type
50
Q

the mast cell is the major effector cell in _____ which is a vascular reaction of the skin characterized by wheals surrounded by a red halo or flare

A
  • urticaria
51
Q

_______ is the fat layer which separates the dermis from deeper underlying structures such as fascia and muscle

A
  • subcutis
52
Q

________ insulates the body, serves as an energy supply, cushions and protects the skin, and allows for its mobility over underlying structures

A
  • subcutis
53
Q

what is a disorder of the subcutis

classically appears as deep-seated erythematous nodules typically on the ______-

A
  • erythema nodosum

- typically on the shins

54
Q

another name for inflammation of the subcutis

A
  • panniculitis
55
Q

adnexal structures include

A
  • pilosebaceous unit

- eccrine gland

56
Q

pilosebaceous unit consists of

A
  • hair follicle
  • sebaceous (oil) gland
  • apocrine sweat glands
  • arrestor pili muscle
57
Q

apocrine glands are found where

A
  • axillary and anogenital areas
58
Q

what is a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit

A
  • acne vulgaris
59
Q

which glands involve the hair follicle

which do not

A
  • apocrine glands involve hair follicle

- eccrine glands do not

60
Q

which glands open directly onto the skin surface and are present throughout the body

A
  • eccrine glands
61
Q

when eccrine glands are genetically absent the patient is exposed to

A
  • hyperthermia

Derm Exam 1 (23 decks)

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