Drug Rashes Flashcards
immediate drug reactions occur within _______ of the last dose
< 1 hour
examples of immediate drug reactions
- urticaria - angioedema - anaphylaxis
delayed reactions occur after _______ hours and occasionally ________ after the start of administration
- 6 hours - weeks/months
SJS/TEN caused by allopurinol shows a strong associated with _________ in Han Chinese
HLA-B 5801
reactions to aminopenicillins occur more commonly in patients with ______
- EBV
HIV patients have a higher risk to reactions to _______-
- sulfonamides
most common cutaneous drug eruption
- exanthematous
drug reaction that presents with erythematous macules and infiltrated papules
- exanthematous drug eruption
exanthematous drug eruption mainly presents about how many days after taking the drug
- >2 days - 8-11 days
exanthematous drug eruption persists how long after stopping the drug
- 2-7 days
treatment of exanthematous drug eruption
- topical steroid - antihistamines
what drug reaction is characterized by the formation of a solitary erythematous patch or plaque that will recur at the same site with re-exposure to the drug
- fixed drug eruption
commonly involved drugs for fixed drug eruption
- NSAIDS - tetracycline - metronidazole - sulfonamides
healed fixed drug eruption lesions are what color
- dark brown with a violet hue
treatment of fixed drug eruption
- stop drug
treatment of non-eroded lesion from fixed drug eruption
- topical glucocorticoid
treatment of eroded subcutaneous lesions from fixed drug eruption
- antimicrobial ointment
what drug reaction is a skin reaction that presents with systemic symptoms and internal organ involvement. will also present with centrofacial swelling
- drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome
70% of patients with drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome have what
- eosinophils
signs and symptoms of drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome begin in what week after the start of medication
- 3rd week
medications implicated in drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome
- allopurinol - sulfonamides - penicillin - anticonvulsants - abacavir
what drug reaction begins as flaccid blisters but progresses to extensive necrosis and detachment of epidermis and mucosal surfaces
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis
Stevens-Johnson syndrome affects what % of body surface area
- less than 10
toxic epidermal necrolysis affects what percent of body surface area
> 30%
high risk drugs for SJS/TEN
- sulfa - allopurinol - tetracyclines - anticonvulsants - NSAIDS
SJS/TEN begins within how many weeks after onset of drug exposure
- 8 weeks
what is Nikolsky sign in SJS/TEN
- skin detaches with lateral pressure
what does Stevens Johnson syndrome often have involvement with
- mucous membranes
treatment for SJS/TEN
- withdraw offending agent - treat in burn unit
what is a painful erythematous drug reaction with targeted papules and oral ulceration that erupts over 72 hours and lasts 2 weeks
- erythema multiforme
erythema multiforme related to _____ infection
- HSV
important part of papules in erythema multiforme
- targetoid
