Purpura, Petechiae, and Vasculitis

Question 1

the term ______ describes a red-purple color due to extravasation of blood into the skin or mucous membranes

Answer 1

• purpura

Question 2

petechiae is how big

Answer 2

< 3 mm

Question 3

ecchymosis are how big

Answer 3

> 5 mm

Question 4

macular purpura is typically __________ (inflammatory/noninflammatory)

Answer 4

• non-inflammatory

Question 5

palpable purpura is a sign of _______ (non-inflammatory/inflammatory)

Answer 5

• vascular inflammation - vasculitis

Question 6

all forms of purpura (do or do not) blanch when pressed

Answer 6

• do not blanch

Question 7

what refers to the use of a glass side to apply pressure to the lesion in order to distinguish erythema secondary to vasodilation from erythrocytes extravasation - which will blanch?

Answer 7

• diascopy - secondary to vasodilation

Question 8

what presents with keratotic plugging of hair follicles with corkscrew hairs and hemorrhagic gingivitis

Answer 8

• scurvy

Question 9

_______ results from insufficiency vitamin C intake, increased requirement, and increased loss

Answer 9

• scurvy

Question 10

vitamin C is required for normal ______ structure

Answer 10

• collagen

Question 11

absence of collagen leads to _______ and _______ fragility

Answer 11

• skin - vessel

Question 12

what is the medical name for petechiae and large ecchymotic patches on the extremities

Answer 12

• purpura fulminans

Question 13

a patient presenting with petechiae and large ecchymotic patches on the extremities along with headache, stiff nick, and high fever is indicative of

Answer 13

• meningitis

Question 14

petechiae and purpura with meningitis should raise concerns for

Answer 14

• sepsis - DIC

Question 15

______ results from unregulated intravascular clotting resulting in depletion of clotting factors and bleeding

Answer 15

• DIC

Question 16

treatment for meningitis

Answer 16

• antibiotics

Question 17

treatment for DIC

Answer 17

• treat underlying condition

Question 18

what condition is characterized by faint macules on the wrists or ankles but becomes more widespread and petechial on the trunk, extremities, palms, and soles. often presents with fever

treatment

Answer 18

• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
• doxycycline

Question 19

palpable purpura is the hallmark lesion of __________ vasculitis

Answer 19

• leukocytic - small vessel

Question 20

what size vasculitis presents with subcutaneous nodules, pupura, and FIXED livedo reticularis.

Answer 20

• small-medium

Question 21

what size vasculitis presents with claudication, ulceration, and necrosis

Answer 21

• large vessel

Question 22

examples of small vessel vasculitis

Answer 22

• Henonch-Schonlein purpura

Question 23

examples of mixed vessel vasculitis

Answer 23

• ANCA association - Churg-Strauss - MPA - Wegener

Question 24

example of medium sized vasculitis

Answer 24

• polyarteritis nodosa

Question 25

example of large vessel vasculitis

Answer 25

- giant cell arteritis - Takayasu arteritis

Question 26

what is a condition that presents with non-blanching erythematous macules and papules on both legs and feet (sparing the trunk, upper extremities and face) with diffuse petechiae. often presents with abdominal pain and kidney disease

Answer 26

- Henonch-Schonlein Purpura

Question 27

Henonch-Schonlein Purpura presents during what season and why?

Answer 27

- winter - likely due to preceding viral or bacterial infection

Question 28

Henonch-Schonlein Purpura diagnosis often made by what

Answer 28

- skin biopsy

Question 29

Henonch-Schonlein Purpura has what immune complex deposition

Answer 29

- IgA

Question 30

treatment for Henonch-Schonlein Purpura

Answer 30

- supportive + prednisone

Question 31

what condition presents with join pain/swelling, paresthesias, and painful subcutaneous skin nodules

Answer 31

- polyarteritis nodosa

Question 32

polyarteritis nodosa can be associated with which infections

Answer 32

- HBV/HCV - HIV - Parvovirus B19

Question 33

treatment for polyarteritis nodosa

Answer 33

- wound care for skin ulcerations - prednisone or immunomodulation