Purpura, Petechiae, and Vasculitis Flashcards
the term ______ describes a red-purple color due to extravasation of blood into the skin or mucous membranes
- purpura
petechiae is how big
< 3 mm
ecchymosis are how big
> 5 mm
macular purpura is typically __________ (inflammatory/noninflammatory)
- non-inflammatory
palpable purpura is a sign of _______ (non-inflammatory/inflammatory)
- vascular inflammation - vasculitis
all forms of purpura (do or do not) blanch when pressed
- do not blanch
what refers to the use of a glass side to apply pressure to the lesion in order to distinguish erythema secondary to vasodilation from erythrocytes extravasation - which will blanch?
- diascopy - secondary to vasodilation
what presents with keratotic plugging of hair follicles with corkscrew hairs and hemorrhagic gingivitis
- scurvy
_______ results from insufficiency vitamin C intake, increased requirement, and increased loss
- scurvy
vitamin C is required for normal ______ structure
- collagen
absence of collagen leads to _______ and _______ fragility
- skin - vessel
what is the medical name for petechiae and large ecchymotic patches on the extremities
- purpura fulminans
a patient presenting with petechiae and large ecchymotic patches on the extremities along with headache, stiff nick, and high fever is indicative of
- meningitis
petechiae and purpura with meningitis should raise concerns for
- sepsis - DIC
______ results from unregulated intravascular clotting resulting in depletion of clotting factors and bleeding
- DIC
treatment for meningitis
- antibiotics
treatment for DIC
- treat underlying condition
what condition is characterized by faint macules on the wrists or ankles but becomes more widespread and petechial on the trunk, extremities, palms, and soles. often presents with fever
treatment
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- doxycycline
palpable purpura is the hallmark lesion of __________ vasculitis
- leukocytic - small vessel
what size vasculitis presents with subcutaneous nodules, pupura, and FIXED livedo reticularis.
- small-medium
what size vasculitis presents with claudication, ulceration, and necrosis
- large vessel
examples of small vessel vasculitis
- Henonch-Schonlein purpura
examples of mixed vessel vasculitis
- ANCA association - Churg-Strauss - MPA - Wegener
example of medium sized vasculitis
- polyarteritis nodosa
example of large vessel vasculitis
- giant cell arteritis - Takayasu arteritis
what is a condition that presents with non-blanching erythematous macules and papules on both legs and feet (sparing the trunk, upper extremities and face) with diffuse petechiae. often presents with abdominal pain and kidney disease
- Henonch-Schonlein Purpura
Henonch-Schonlein Purpura presents during what season and why?
- winter - likely due to preceding viral or bacterial infection
Henonch-Schonlein Purpura diagnosis often made by what
- skin biopsy
Henonch-Schonlein Purpura has what immune complex deposition
- IgA
treatment for Henonch-Schonlein Purpura
- supportive + prednisone
what condition presents with join pain/swelling, paresthesias, and painful subcutaneous skin nodules
- polyarteritis nodosa
polyarteritis nodosa can be associated with which infections
- HBV/HCV - HIV - Parvovirus B19
treatment for polyarteritis nodosa
- wound care for skin ulcerations
- prednisone or immunomodulation
