Acne Flashcards
what is an open comedo
- blackhead
what is a closed comedo
- whitehead
acne vulgaris is a disorder of _______
- pilosebaceous follicles
acne generally ends by what age
- age 25
women may have their first outbreak of acne at what age
- 20-35
what kind of acne is characterized by open and closed comedones
- comedonal
what kind of acne is characterized by papules and pustules
- inflammatory
what kind of acne is characterized by nodules and cysts
- nodulocystic
what 4 factors are related to acne
- presence of androgen hormones - sebaceous gland activity - plugging of hair follicle - P. acnes in the hair follicle
what increases sebaceous gland activity
- androgen hormones
roles of P. acnes bacteria
- metabolizes lipids to free fatty acids - causes inflammation
treat mild comedonal acne with
- topical retinoid
treat mild papular/pustular acne with
- retinoid + clindamycin or erythromycin
treat moderate papular/pustular or mild nodular acne with
- retinoid + clindamycin or erythromycin + minocyclin or doxycycline
treat severe/scarring nodular acne with
- oral isotretinoin
topical retinoids are derivatives of
- vitamin A
why do we use topical antibiotics for acne
- reduce number of P. acnes bacteria - reduce inflammation
negative effect of benzoyl peroxide
- may bleach fabric
all topical acne treatments take how long to work
- 4-6 weeks
side effects of minocycline
- vertigo
side effects of doxycycline
- photosensitizing - GI upset
do oral antibiotics affect oral contraceptives
- no
bad effect of isotretinoin
- highly teratogenic
how can spironolactone improve acne
- has anti-androgenic effects
women presenting with bad acne, new upper lip and chin hair growth, and irregular menstrual cycles could have
- polycystic ovarian syndrome
hormonal acne often appears where
- jawline
