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Derm Exam 1 > Fungal Infections > Flashcards

Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

what are fungal infections called

A
  • dermatophytoses
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2
Q

superficial cutaneous fungal infections are limited to the _____

A
  • epidermis
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3
Q

which groups of cutaneous fungi cause superficial infections

A
  • dermatophytes - Malassezia species - Candida species
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4
Q

what is included in Dermatophytes

A
  • Trichophyton species - Microsporum species - Epidermophyton species
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5
Q

dermatophytes infect what kind of tissues

A
  • keratinized tissues
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6
Q

what is the most common fungal infection seen in developed countries

A
  • Tinea pedis
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7
Q

Tinea pedis caused by what fungus

A
  • Trichopyton rubrum
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8
Q

three patterns of Tinea pedis infection

A
  • interdigital - moccasin - vesiculobullous
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9
Q

which the most common patterns of Tinea pedis infection that presents with scaling and redness between the toes and may have associated maceration

A
  • interdigital
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10
Q

what is maceration of the skin

A
  • skin breakdown due to moisture
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11
Q

what patterns of Tinea pedis infection presents with sharply marginated scale, distributed along the lateral borders of feet, heels, and soles

A
  • moccasin type
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12
Q

moccasin patterns of Tinea pedis infection often associated with

A
  • onychomycosis
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13
Q

what is onychomycosis

A
  • nail fungal infection
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14
Q

moccasin type tinea pedis may present as ______ syndrome

A
  • one hand, two feet
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15
Q

what patterns of Tinea pedis infection presents with grouped 2-3 mm vesicles or bullae that are often seen on the arch or instep that may be itchy or painful

A
  • vesiculobullous
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16
Q

vesiculobullous type tenia pedis represents ________ hypersensitivity immune response to a dermatophyte

A
  • delayed
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17
Q

what do you look for on KOH exam

A
  • parallel walls throughout entire length - septated and branching hyphae
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18
Q

how long do you apply topical antifungals for tinea pedis

A
  • until resolution - then continue for two weeks
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19
Q

which antifungals are fungistatic examples

A
  • imidazoles - clotrimazole - miconazole - ketoconazole
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20
Q

which antifungals are fungicidal examples

A
  • allylamines - terbinafine - naftifine
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21
Q

which antifungals are fungicidal and fungistatic examples

A
  • ciclopirox - ciclopirox olamine
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22
Q

complications of tinea pedis

A
  • lower leg cellulitis - tinea corporis
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23
Q

the most common risk for lower leg cellulitis in immunocompetent non diabetics is _______

A
  • tinea pedis
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24
Q

what is a chronic fungal infection of the nailbed

A
  • onychomycosis
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25
Q

how well does onychomycosis respond to topicals

A
  • poorly
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26
Q

first line treatment of onychomycosis

A
  • oral terbinafine or azoles for 3 months
27
Q

what refers to dermatophytosis of the skin, that usually affects the trunk and limbs

A
  • tinea corporis
28
Q

tinea corporis most prominent symptom

29
Q

what is an annular lesion with central clearing typical of

A
  • tinea corporis
30
Q

tinea corporis affects what

31
Q

tinea pedis affects what

32
Q

tinea capitis affects what

33
Q

tinea cruris affects what

A
  • groin/folds
34
Q

tinea manuum affects what

35
Q

tinea facei affects what

36
Q

tinea incognito is caused by what

A
  • tinea obscured by a topical steroid
37
Q

treatment of tinea corporis

A
  • similar to tinea pedis
  • topical antifungals
38
Q

treatment for severe or widespread cases of tinea corporis

A
  • oral terbinafine - fluconazole
39
Q

what do you see in a KOH exam with tinea capitis

A
  • arthrospores inside hair shafts
40
Q

what is another name for arthrospores inside hair shafts

41
Q

tinea capitis is common in what race and what age

A
  • african american - children (4-8)
42
Q

tinea capitis spreads through

A
  • direct contact
43
Q

most common worldwide transmission of tinea capitis is by what organism what kind of transmission

A
  • Microsporum canis - animal to human
44
Q

most common US transmission of tinea capitis is by what organism what kind of transmission

A
  • Trichophyton tonsurans - human/fomite to human
45
Q

what are broken hairs a prominent feature of

A
  • tinea capitis
46
Q

noninflammatory tinea capitis has these features

A
  • black dot - seborrheic
47
Q

inflammatory tinea capitis has these features

48
Q

what physical exam finding does tinea capitis often present with

A
  • lymphadenopathy (post auricular, posterior cervical, occipital)
49
Q

what is a painful, boggy inflammatory mass with broken hair follicles that untreated tinea capitis can progress to

50
Q

topical agents are (effective/ineffective) in management of tinea capitis

A
  • ineffective
51
Q

drug of choice for tinea capitis

A
  • griseofulvin/terbinafine
52
Q

what is the diagnosis for beefy red confluent erosions and marginal scaling in the area covered by the diaper in an infant

A
  • diaper candidiases
53
Q

what helps differentiate candidal diaper dermatitis from other eruptions in the diaper area

A
  • satellite papules and pustules
54
Q

suspect ______ when rash does not improve with application of barrier creams such as zinc oxide paste

A
  • diaper candidiasis
55
Q

what causes diaper candidiasis

A
  • wet and dirty diapers not changed regularly - due to urease in feces - disruption of epidermal barrier allows entry of Candida in which is present in feces
56
Q

topical treatment for diaper candidiasis

what about for significant inflammation

A
  • nystatin - imidazole cream or ointment
  • 1% hydrocortisone cream or ointment
57
Q

what helps differentiate diaper candidiasis from irritant diaper dermatitis

A
  • candidiasis is present in the folds - and does not improves with a barrier cream
58
Q

what is an erythematous dermatitis limited to exposed areas on the diaper

A
  • irritant diaper dermatitis
59
Q

treatment of irritant diaper dermatitis

A
  • barrier creams - zinc oxide - frequent diaper changes
60
Q

what is candidiasis of large skin folds

A
  • candidal intertrigo
61
Q

what does KOH exam of candidal intertrigo reveal

A
  • pseudohyphae
62
Q

symptoms of candidal intertrigo

A
  • burns more than itches
63
Q

treatment of candidal intertrigo

A
  • nystatin and imidazoles
64
Q

what is due to an inflammatory reaction to a normal skin yeast

A
  • seborrheic dermatitis

Derm Exam 1 (23 decks)

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