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Dermatology > Structure and function > Flashcards

Structure and function Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the epidermis made up of?

A

Stratified cellular epithelium

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2
Q

What is the dermis made up of

A

connective tissue

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3
Q

Where does Epidermis arrive from in embryology

A

Ectoderm- single layer

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4
Q

IS the dermis formed from mesoderm or endoderm?

A

Mesoderm

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5
Q

Where do melanocytes come from and what are they?

A

Pigment producing cells from the neural crest and they are pigment producing dendritic cells

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6
Q

What are the 5 layers that make up the skin starting from outside

A

Keratin, granular, prickle cell, basal cell, dermis

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7
Q

Where do melanocytes chill

A

on the dermo-epidermal junction

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8
Q

What are blaschkos lines?

A

Growth patterns of skin not following nerves, vessels, lymphatics

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9
Q

What type of cells mostly make up the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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10
Q

Name other cells present in the epidermis

A

melanocytes, langerhans cells, merkel cells

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11
Q

What controls the epidermal turnover of cells? And name 2 diseases due to the loss of control

A

Growth factors, cell death, hormones.

Skin cancer and Psoriasis

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12
Q

What type of cell makes up the basal layer

A

Small cuboidal, one cell thick. Lots of keratin and highly metabolically active

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13
Q

Prickle cell layer is mad of which type of cells

A

Larger polyhedral cells, desmosomes ad keratin filaments

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14
Q

What type of cells is the Granular layer mad up of?

A

Flatter cells, filaggrin, cell nuclei is lost

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15
Q

What is the keratin layer made up of

A

Cornerocytes, keratin, filaggrin, lamellar granules release lipids

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16
Q

What is the keratin layers role?

A

Tight waterproof barrier

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17
Q

What do melanocytes do

A

Convert tyrosine to melanin pigment and form a protective cap over the nucleus

18
Q

What is vitiligo

A

An autoimmune disease with a loss of melanocytes leading to depigmentation

19
Q

What happens in Nelsons syndrome?

A

Melanin producing hormone is produced in excess by pituitary

20
Q

What do langerhans cells do and where are they?

A

Langherhans are found in the Prickle cell layer in epidermis, dermis, lymph nodes and involved in skin immune system. Antigen presenting cells.

21
Q

Birbeck granules are shaped like what?

A

A racket

22
Q

Where are merkel cells found?

A

Basal layer between keratinocytes and nerve fibres and mechanoreceptors

23
Q

What are the three phases of hair follicle growth?

A

Anagen (3-7years), Catagena (3-4 weeks) nd Telogen (every day)

24
Q

What is virilisation

A

Formation of male characteristics on a female due to excess androgen from a tumour

25
Q

What makes up nails?

A

Specialised keratin

26
Q

What does the demo epidermal junction do?

A

supports, anchors, growth and differentiation of epidermal cells

27
Q

Name an inherited disease of the DEJ

A

Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex or Dystrophica

28
Q

Name an acquired disease if DEJ

A

auto-antibodies are produced in pemphigoid, pemphigus and dermatitis herpetiformis

29
Q

Name the components of the dermis

A

fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, langerhans cells, collagen and elastin, blood vessels

30
Q

Do blood vessels flow horizontally or vertically?

A

Horizontally

31
Q

What is angioma?

A

Overgrowth of blood vessels

32
Q

What results in lymphatic disruption?

A

Chronic lymphoedema

33
Q

What do Pacinian recdptors do?

A

Control pressure

34
Q

What of Meissners control

A

Vibration

35
Q

What are the three types of skin glands

A

Eccrine, apocrine, sebacious

36
Q

What does the sebaceous gland do?

A

Produces sebum, open onto hair follicles and control moisture loss and protect from infections

37
Q

What does the apocrine gland do?

A

Its a sweat gland present in axilla and perineum. Depends on androgen and produces an oily fluid

38
Q

What does Eccrine gland do?

A

Moistens palms and soles of feet for grip. Controls ultrafiltration.

39
Q

Name some things that the skin acting as a barrier prevents

A

UV exposure, allergens, toxins, irritnts, friction, trauma, bacteria, viruses and funghi

40
Q

Melanin absorbs UV rays to oprotect DNA in cells nuclei- true or false?

A

True

41
Q

How is the skin metabolically active?

A

Vit D metabolism, Thyroid metabolism, defence against UV, chemicals, drugs, pollutants

Dermatology (21 decks)

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