Skin pathology

Question 1

where are melanocytes found

Answer 1

dermo-epidermal junction

Question 2

what does the corneal layer consist of

Answer 2

differentiated keratinised cells

Question 3

How do melanocytes transfer pigment

Answer 3

transfer pigment to keratinocytes via dendritic processes

Question 4

where does the papillary dermis lay

Answer 4

below epidermis

Question 5

What layer of the dermis contains appendage structures

Answer 5

reticular dermis

Question 6

What is the basal membrane made from

Answer 6

laminin and collagen IV

Question 7

What class of inflammatory skin disease is eczema?

Answer 7

Spongiotic- intraepiderma oedema

Question 8

What type of inflam diseases is psoriasis

Answer 8

psoriasiform elongation of rete ridges

Question 9

What is lichen plans or lupus

Answer 9

lichenoid- basal layer damage

Question 10

What type of diseases is pemphigoid, pemphigus, dermatitis herpetiformis

Answer 10

Vesiculobullous- blistering

Question 11

Where does psoriasis usually present

Answer 11

Extensors

Question 12

Where does acne most commonly affect

Answer 12

face, back, chest

Question 13

Why does acne occur

Answer 13

increase androgens during puberty, causes increase sebaceous gland activity. Causes keratin plugging of the pilosebaceous units and infection with corynebacterium acnes

Question 14

What is rosacea

Answer 14

recurrent facial flushing with visible blood vessels

Question 15

What can trigger rosacea

Answer 15

sunlight, alcohol, stress, spicy foods

Question 16

What are the primary presentations of immunobullous disroders

Answer 16

Blisters

Question 17

What is pemphigus

Answer 17

superficial blisters, IgG autoantibodies produced against desmoglein 3. Immune complexes form on cell surface, complement activation and protease release = acantholysis (breakdown of desmosomes/ connections)

Question 18

When fluid filled blisters rupture what do they cause?

Answer 18

EROSIONS

Question 19

Is a bullous pemphigoid superficial or deep?

Answer 19

DEEP

Question 20

there is evidence of acantholysis in pemphigoid true or false

Answer 20

flase

Question 21

How does pemphigoid arise

Answer 21

IgG reacts with antigens of hemidesmosomes anchoring basal cells to basement membrane. Complement activation and tissue damage

Question 22

What disease is dermatitis herpetiformis associated with

Answer 22

coeliac disease

Question 23

IS dermatitis herpetiformis itchy or nor?

Answer 23

SO ITCHY

Question 24

Where does herpetiformis effect?

Answer 24

elbows, knees, buttocks

Question 25

What is the hallmark of dermatitis herpetiformis

Answer 25

papillary dermal abscesses

Question 26

Which antibody is associated with dermatitis herpetiformis

Answer 26

IgA

Question 27

What does psoriasis look like

Answer 27

scaly, erythematous plaques

Question 28

What is guttate psoriasis

Answer 28

Due to a throat infection causing salmon coloured drops on the skin

Question 29

Name 4 types of nail disease

Answer 29

onycholytic, pitting, dystrophic and subungal hyperkeratosis

Question 30

How do you treat Psoriasis

Answer 30

Emollients, Vit D analogues, Coal tar, Steroids

Question 31

How would you treat widespread psoriasis

Answer 31

Phototherapy

Question 32

What are typical acne treatments

Answer 32

benzoyl peroxide, Vit A derivatives, antibiotics. If really bad, isotretinoin

Question 33

What medication should you avoid in rosacea

Answer 33

Topical steroids

Question 34

How do you treat rosacea

Answer 34

antibiotics- metronidazole, tetracycline

Question 35

How do you treat pemphigoid and pemphigus

Answer 35

steroids, immunosuppressive agents- azathioprine

Question 36

Specific pemphigoid treatment

Answer 36

tetracycline