Skin pathology Flashcards
where are melanocytes found
dermo-epidermal junction
what does the corneal layer consist of
differentiated keratinised cells
How do melanocytes transfer pigment
transfer pigment to keratinocytes via dendritic processes
where does the papillary dermis lay
below epidermis
What layer of the dermis contains appendage structures
reticular dermis
What is the basal membrane made from
laminin and collagen IV
What class of inflammatory skin disease is eczema?
Spongiotic- intraepiderma oedema
What type of inflam diseases is psoriasis
psoriasiform elongation of rete ridges
What is lichen plans or lupus
lichenoid- basal layer damage
What type of diseases is pemphigoid, pemphigus, dermatitis herpetiformis
Vesiculobullous- blistering
Where does psoriasis usually present
Extensors
Where does acne most commonly affect
face, back, chest
Why does acne occur
increase androgens during puberty, causes increase sebaceous gland activity. Causes keratin plugging of the pilosebaceous units and infection with corynebacterium acnes
What is rosacea
recurrent facial flushing with visible blood vessels
What can trigger rosacea
sunlight, alcohol, stress, spicy foods
What are the primary presentations of immunobullous disroders
Blisters
What is pemphigus
superficial blisters, IgG autoantibodies produced against desmoglein 3. Immune complexes form on cell surface, complement activation and protease release = acantholysis (breakdown of desmosomes/ connections)
When fluid filled blisters rupture what do they cause?
EROSIONS
Is a bullous pemphigoid superficial or deep?
DEEP
there is evidence of acantholysis in pemphigoid true or false
flase
How does pemphigoid arise
IgG reacts with antigens of hemidesmosomes anchoring basal cells to basement membrane. Complement activation and tissue damage
What disease is dermatitis herpetiformis associated with
coeliac disease
IS dermatitis herpetiformis itchy or nor?
SO ITCHY
Where does herpetiformis effect?
elbows, knees, buttocks
What is the hallmark of dermatitis herpetiformis
papillary dermal abscesses
Which antibody is associated with dermatitis herpetiformis
IgA
What does psoriasis look like
scaly, erythematous plaques
What is guttate psoriasis
Due to a throat infection causing salmon coloured drops on the skin
Name 4 types of nail disease
onycholytic, pitting, dystrophic and subungal hyperkeratosis
How do you treat Psoriasis
Emollients, Vit D analogues, Coal tar, Steroids
How would you treat widespread psoriasis
Phototherapy
What are typical acne treatments
benzoyl peroxide, Vit A derivatives, antibiotics. If really bad, isotretinoin
What medication should you avoid in rosacea
Topical steroids
How do you treat rosacea
antibiotics- metronidazole, tetracycline
How do you treat pemphigoid and pemphigus
steroids, immunosuppressive agents- azathioprine
Specific pemphigoid treatment
tetracycline
