Structural & Functional Organization of the Respiratory System

Question 1

the respiratory system consist of what two parts

Answer 1

upper and lower respiratory systems

Question 2

the upper respiratory system includes what structures

Answer 2

nose

pharynx

Question 3

the lower respiratory system includes what structures

Answer 3

larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs

Question 4

the respiratory system can also be divided into what two parts based on function

Answer 4

conducting zone

respiratory zone

Question 5

what are the four paranasal sinuses

Answer 5

Frontal

Ethmoidal

Maxillary (largest)

Sphenoid

Question 6

what is the double-layered serous membrane that encloses and protects each lung called

Answer 6

Pleural membrane

Question 7

what is the outer layer that is attached to the wall of the thoracic cavity and diaphragm called

Answer 7

Parietal pleura

Question 8

what is the inner layer that is attached to the lungs called

Answer 8

Visceral pleura

Question 9

What is the narrow space located between the visceral and parietal pleura which contains a lubricating fluid secreted by the membranes called

Answer 9

Pleural cavity

Question 10

the left lung is how much small than the right

Answer 10

10% smaller than the right lung

Question 11

what are the deep grooves which divides the lung into lobes called

Answer 11

fissures

Question 12

the Right lung has what kind of fissures

Answer 12

Oblique and Horizontal Fissures

Question 13

the left lung has what kind of fissures

Answer 13

Oblique Fissure only

Question 14

each lung lobe contains a lymphatic vessel, an arteriole, a venule
and a branch from a terminal bronchiole wrapped in elastic connective
tissue called

Answer 14

Lobules

Question 15

where is the main sight if gas exchange

Answer 15

alveoli

Question 16

The muscles of quiet (unforced)

inhalation are:

Answer 16

Diaphragm

External intercostal muscles contract

Question 17

where does the diaphragm receive nerve impulses

Answer 17

phrenic nerves

Question 18

Contraction of the diaphragm is responsible for about what percent of the air that enters the lungs during quiet breathing

Answer 18

75%

Question 19

The muscles of quiet (unforced)

exhalation are:

Answer 19

Diaphragm

external intercostal.

Question 20

During forced exhalation, muscles of exhalation are

Answer 20

Transverse abdominis

Internal oblique

Internal intercostal

Rectus abdominis

External oblique

Question 21

Each inhalation and exhalation moves about how many ml of air into and out of the lungs

Answer 21

500ml

Question 22

Tidal volume

Answer 22

The volume of one breath.

Question 23

The total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute is equal to breathing rate multiplied by tidal volume is called

Answer 23

minute ventilation

Question 24

Minute ventilation (MV):

Answer 24

MV = 12 breaths/min x 500 mL/breath (6000 mL/min or 6 liters/min)

Question 25

About what percent of tidal volume actually reaches the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs and thus participates in gas exchange.

Answer 25

70%

Question 26

Instrument used to measure respiratory rate and the amount of air inhaled and exhaled when breathing is called

Answer 26

spirogram

Question 27

normal pattern of quiet breathing is called

Answer 27

Eupnea

Question 28

an upward and outward movement of the chest is called

Answer 28

Costal breathing (shallow)

Question 29

outward movement of the abdomen

Answer 29

Diaphragmatic breathing (deep)

Question 30

External Respiration is

Answer 30

Pulmonary Gas Exchange

Question 31

The volume of air that remains even after expiratory reserve volume is expelled is called

Answer 31

residual volume

Question 32

The sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and | expiratory reserve volume

Answer 32

Vital Capacity (VC):

Question 33

what is the most common gas in atmosphere

Answer 33

Nitrogen

Question 34

what is the 2nd most common gas in atmosphere

Answer 34

Oxygen

Question 35

air move on a gradient from

Answer 35

high to lower

Question 36

internal respirations is

Answer 36

systemic gas exchange

Question 37

what % of O2 is contained in blood plasma

Answer 37

1.5%

Question 38

what % of O2 is bound to hemoglobin hgb in RBC’s.

Answer 38

98.5%

Question 39

When blood PO2 is high, hemoglobin binds

Answer 39

large amounts of O2 and is | fully saturated

Question 40

When blood PO2 is low,

Answer 40

hemoglobin releases O2.

Question 41

Besides PO2 other factors influence O2 release from hemoglobin

Answer 41

Carbon Dioxide Acidity Temperature

Question 42

Carbon Dioxide Transport. Transported in blood in three main forms:

Answer 42

CO2 =7% amino acids=23% Bicarbonate ions=70%

Question 43

The area from which nerve impulses are sent to the respiratory muscles to control respiratory rate. Located in both the Pons and Medulla Oblongata

Answer 43

Respiratory Center

Question 44

Medullary Respiratory Center. Located in the Medulla Oblongata, controls what

Answer 44

basic rhythm of respiration

Question 45

Generates nerve impulses establishing basic rhythm of quiet normal breathing.

Answer 45

Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)

Question 46

Nerve impulses last for approx how many seconds

Answer 46

2 sec

Question 47

Neurons of this area supply nerve impulses for forceful exhalation and remain inactive during quiet breathing.

Answer 47

Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)

Question 48

Plays a role in both inhalation and exhalation by modifying the rhythm of breathing generated by the VRG as when exercising, speaking, or sleeping

Answer 48

Pontine Respiratory Group (PRG)

Question 49

The respiratory system is very responsive to levels

Answer 49

CO2 and O2 in body | fluids.

Question 50

Central Chemoreceptors: Located in the medulla, respond to changes in what elements in the cerebrospinal fluid in the CSF.

Answer 50

H+ PCO2