HEENT Flashcards
Special senses include
smell
taste
vision
hearing
equilibrium
General senses include
somatic
visceral senses
Somatic senses include
tactile,
thermal
pain
proprioceptive sensations
Visceral senses provide
sensations from
internal organs.
what Four conditions must be satisfied for a sensation to occur
stimulus
sensory receptor must convert the stimulus to an electrical signal
nerve pathway conducts the information to the brain
brain translates or integrates the nerve impulse into a sensation
Perceptions are the conscious awareness and interpretation of sensations. This is primarily a function of the
cerebral cortex.
what is the decrease in the strength of a sensation during prolonged exposure
to a stimulus called
Adaptation
Receptors can be classified by
their functional characteristics
what receptor detect mechanical deformation of adjacent cells
Mechanoreceptors
what receptor detect changes in temperature
Thermoreceptors
what receptor detect pain
Nociceptors
what receptor detect light
Photoreceptors
what receptor detect the presence of chemicals in solution
Chemoreceptors
what receptor detect the osmotic pressure of fluids
Osmoreceptors
what type of sensations arise from stimulation of sensory receptors in the skin, mucous
membranes, muscles, tendons, and joints
Somatic
Most tactile sensations receptors are located in the
skin or subcutaneous tissue
Most tactile sensations receptors are located in the
skin or subcutaneous tissue
Thermal receptors are located in the
epidermis and dermis.
Pain receptors are located in virtually all tissues of the body except
the brain
Most tactile sensations are detected by mechanoreceptors located in the
Superficial and
deep dermal layers
Temperatures between 10 - 40º Celsius (50 - 105ºF) are detected in receptors located in the
epidermis.
Temperatures between 32 - 48º Celsius (90 - 118ºF) are detected in receptors located in the
dermis
Temperatures below 10ºC (50ºF) and above 48ºC (118ºF) are stimulate what kind of receptors
nociceptors
do Nociceptors adapt to pain.
no
Pain felt in a surface area far from the stimulated organ is called
referred pain.
what kind or receptors are located in the skeletal muscles (muscle spindles), in tendons (tendon
organs), in and around synovial joints (joint kinesthetic receptors), and in the inner ears
(hair cells).
Proprioceptors
Olfaction is the sense of
smell
The nose contains about 10 million to 100 million receptors located in the olfactory
epithelium
what are the three types of cells in the olfactory epithelium
olfactory receptor cells
supporting cells
basal cells.
does Adaptation to odors occurs quickly
yes
Gustation is the sense of
taste
The five primary tastes are
salt
sweet
bitter
sour
umami
if one’s ability to smell is impaired, the
ability to do what will be greatly diminished.
taste
Taste buds are found in raised bumps on the tongue called
fungiform papillae.
both act to protect the eye from foreign objects, perspiration and direct sun rays.
Eyebrows and eyelashes
shade the eyes during sleep, protect it from excessive light and spread
lubrication over the eyeballs by blinking
Eyelids
group of glands, duct and canals that produce and drain tears in
both eyes.
Lacrimal apparatus
how many extrinsic muscles work together to move the eyeball from left to right and up and
down
Six
