Principles of Pharmacy

Question 1

What is the prescription form number

Answer 1

DD 1289

Question 2

what is the Poly prescription form number

Answer 2

NAVMED 6710/6

Question 3

Controlled substances are written on what prescription form

Answer 3

DD 1289

Question 4

hand written prescriptions must include what information

Answer 4

Pt. Full name, SSN & DoDID#

Date prescription written

Patient age or DOB

full name of drug

form or drug

dosage/size/strength in metric

quantity to be dispensed

directions for the Pt.

Legible signature of the provider.

Refill authorization.

Question 5

what are the general principles of pharmacology

Answer 5

actions

reactions

response

drug interactions.

Question 6

define pharmacokinetic

Answer 6

Activities of the drug after it enters the body.

ie. absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Question 7

fundamental concept in pharmacokinetics

Answer 7

elimination of drugs from the body.

Question 8

define absorption

Answer 8

transfer of the drug from the body fluids to the tissues

Question 9

what are the 4 types of absorption

Answer 9

Active absorption

Passive absorption

pinocytosis

Bioavailability

Question 10

characterize Active absorption

Answer 10

Carrier molecule actively moves the drug across the membrane

Question 11

characterize passive absorption

Answer 11

Diffuse across a membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 12

define Pinocytosis

Answer 12

Cells engulf the drug particle across the cell membrane

Think PACKMAN

Question 13

Bioavailability is a sub category of what process

Answer 13

absorption

Question 14

define Bioavailability

Answer 14

percentage of the administered drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation

Question 15

when drugs are taken orally bioavailability occurs only after what

Answer 15

drug has been absorbed and metabolized by the liver

Question 16

Oral drugs that have a first pass hepatic metabolism may only have a bioavailability of what percentage

Answer 16

20-40%

Question 17

IV medication bioavailability of what percent

Answer 17

100%

Question 18

what are factors that alter bioavailability

Answer 18

drug form and Solubility

admin route

dysfunction of the Liver

food and drugs

GI mucosa and motility

Question 19

define distribution

Answer 19

Movement of drug throughout the body typically on proteins (albumin)

Question 20

define Therapeutic effect

Answer 20

Drug levels in blood to produce desired effect

Question 21

drug level is too high it is referred to as

Answer 21

Toxic

Question 22

drug level is too low it is referred to as

Answer 22

decreased effect

Question 23

define Metabolism

Answer 23

Chemical reaction, liver converts drug to inactive compound

Question 24

where does metabolism happen

Answer 24

Kidneys

Intestinal mucosa

Liver

Lungs

Plasma

Question 25

define Excretion

Answer 25

Elimination of drugs from the body.

Question 26

define half life

Answer 26

Time required for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug.

Question 27

what increases a medications half life

Answer 27

Kidney, Liver disease and old age

Question 28

define Pharmacodynamics

Answer 28

Drug's actions and effects within the body.

Question 29

what are the two categories of Pharmacodynamics:

Answer 29

Primary or desired effect Secondary effects (side effects) – desired or undesired.

Question 30

define Physical dependence

Answer 30

A compulsive need to use a substance | repeatedly to avoid mild to severe withdrawal symptoms

Question 31

Psychological dependence

Answer 31

A compulsion to use a substance to | obtain a pleasurable experience

Question 32

Pharmacogenetic disorder

Answer 32

genetically determined abnormal | response to normal doses of a drug.

Question 33

Receptor

Answer 33

specialized macromolecule that binds to the drug molecule, altering the function of the cell and producing the therapeutic response.

Question 34

characterize Alterations in Cellular Environment

Answer 34

drug that alters cellular function can increase or decrease the physiologic functions of the cell Ex: Increased heart rate, decrease blood pressure.

Question 35

Therapeutic Response

Answer 35

Alteration of cell to achieve the desired response.

Question 36

Agonist

Answer 36

Drug that binds with a receptor to produce the | therapeutic response.

Question 37

Antagonist

Answer 37

Drug binds to receptor stronger than the agonist thus producing no pharmacologic effect Ex: Narcan is antagonist to morphine.

Question 38

Adverse reaction

Answer 38

Adverse reaction

Question 39

Allergic reaction

Answer 39

A drug reaction that occurs because the individual's immune system views the drug as a foreign substance.

Question 40

Drug idiosyncrasy:

Answer 40

Any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug that a patient can have, that do not occur in the vast majority of patients taking the same drug

Question 41

Drug tolerance

Answer 41

decreased response to a drug, requiring an | increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect.

Question 42

Cumulative drug effect:

Answer 42

A drug effect that occurs when the body has | not fully metabolized a dose of a drug before the next dose is given

Question 43

Toxic

Answer 43

harmful drug effect if it is delivered in high dose or | when blood concentration levels exceed therapeutic level

Question 44

Pharmacogenetics Reactions

Answer 44

Inherited traits that cause abnormal | metabolism of the drug

Question 45

Pharmaceutic phase

Answer 45

The dissolution of a drug. Usually applying to the breakdown | of tablets.

Question 46

Drug Interactions

Answer 46

When one drug interacts with or interferes with the | action of another drug.

Question 47

Additive drug reaction

Answer 47

reaction that occurs when the combined | effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone

Question 48

Synergism

Answer 48

drug interaction that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions.

Question 49

Antagonist Drug Reaction

Answer 49

When one drug interferes with the action of another, causing neutralization or a decrease in the effect of one drug.

Question 50

Drug - Food Interactions

Answer 50

Drug given orally, food may impair or | enhance its absorption

Question 51

what personal factors influence drug response

Answer 51

Age weight gender disease route of administration drug use and pregnancy