Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
<p>Define Anatomy</p>
<p>The science of STRUCTURES and the relationships among structures of the human body.</p>
<p>Define physiology</p>
<p>The science of body FUNCTIONS that is how the body parts work</p>
what are the levels of organization
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- System
- Organismal
<p>how many levels of organization are there</p>
<p>6</p>
<p>The Chemical level is comprised of what</p>
<p>atoms and molecules</p>
<p>2 or more atoms joined together are called what</p>
<p>molecules</p>
when is the cellular level is reached
when CELLS combine to form structures
<p>The tissue level is reached when</p>
<p>groups of cells and materials work together to preform a function</p>
<p>What are the four basic types of tissues in the body</p>
<p>- Epithelial
<br></br>- Connective
<br></br>- Muscular
<br></br>- Nervous</p>
The organ level is reached
when different kinds of tissues join together to form body structure
<p>What is a common characteristic of organs</p>
- Recognizable shape
- composed of two or more DIFFERENT tissues with a common function.
<p>What are the tissues that make up the stomach</p>
Serous Membrane
Smooth Muscle Tissue Layers
Epithelial Tissue
Describe the stomach serous membrane
the outside of the stomach that protects and reduces friction
Describe the smooth muscle tissue layers of the stomach
contracts to churn and mix food and push to small intestine
<p>Describe the epithelial tissue layer of the stomach</p>
<p>innermost lining of the stomach contributes fluid and chemicals that aid digestion</p>
<p>The system level is described as</p>
<p>Related organs that have a common function</p>
The body systems work together for what purpose
Maintain health
protect against disease
allow for reproduction
<p>Describe the Organismal level</p>
<p>The largest level of organization</p>
<p>Which body system helps eliminate waste</p>
<p>The Urinary system</p>
<p>Define Homeostasis</p>
<p>the maintenance of relatively stable conditions</p>
<p>What systems control homeostasis</p>
<p>Nervous and Endocrine System</p>
<p>When the NERVOUS system detects changes how does it send messages</p>
<p>Nerve impulses</p>
<p>How does the ENDOCRINE system enact change</p>
<p>Secreting molecules called HORMONES</p>
<p>Homeostasis is maintained my means of</p>
<p>Feedback systems</p>
what is a feedback system or feedback loop
Cycle of events in which a condition in the body is continually MONITORED, EVALUATED, CHANGED, and so on
Controlled conditions are body conditions that are
Monitored to maintain homeostasis
A disruption that causes change in a controlled condition is called
Stimulus
What are the 3 basic components that make up a feedback system
what is a Receptor in the feedback system
A body structure that monitors change in a controlled condition and sends information to the control center
Describe the feedback system loop
define a negative feedback system
Reverses a change in a controlled condition
what are examples of controlled condition that are regulated by NEGATIVE feedback system
Most feedback systems are in the body are
Negative
Describe a positive feedback system
Continually strengthens or reinforces a change in a controlled condition
what are examples of controlled condition that are regulated by POSITIVE feedback system
Childbirth
Ovulation
Blood Clotting
How is the action of a positive feedback system stopped
MUST be interrupted by some mechanism
Define anatomical position
The language of anatomy and physiology
in the study of anatomy we assume what position
Anatomical Position
What is the anatomical position
Standing erect facing the observer
Head level
Eyes forward
lower limbs parallel
fleet flat
upper limbs at side
palms turned forward
describe Prone
the body is lying face down
describe Supine
the body is lying face up
What are the body regions
Head
Neck
Trunk
Upper Limbs
Lower Limbs
Define Superior
towards the head, or upper part of the structure
Define Inferior
away from the head or lower part of the structure
Define Anterior
Near to or at the front of the body
Define Posterior
Near to or at the back of the body
Define Medial
Nearer to the midline or Midsagittal plane
Define lateral
Farther from midline or midsagittal plane
Define Proximal
Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk
Nearer to the point of origin or the beginning
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk
further from the point of origin or the beginning
Define Superficial
toward or on the surface of the body
Define deep
Away from the surface of the body
What are body planes
Imaginary flat surfaces, that pass through body parts
What are the four major planes
Sagittal
Frontal
Transverse
Oblique
Define Sagittal plane
Vertical plane that divides the body or an organ into right and left sides
