Structural & Functional Organization of the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

where does 2/3 of the heart mass lie where

Answer 1

left of the midline

Question 2

the base of the heart is formed where

Answer 2

atria

Question 3

what forms the apex of the heart

Answer 3

Left Ventricle

Question 4

what are the functions of the pericardium

Answer 4

anchor the heart in place

prevent the heart from over stretching

Question 5

what are the two parts of the pericardium

Answer 5

fibrous pericardium

serous pericardium

Question 6

the pericardium is made up of what layers

Answer 6

epicardium

myocardium

endocardium

Question 7

the heart is made up of what four chambers

Answer 7

2 atria

2 ventricles

Question 8

atria and ventricles are separated by what

Answer 8

internal or interventricular septum

Question 9

what is thinner atria or ventricles

Answer 9

atria

Question 10

atria empty their contents into what

Answer 10

ventricles

Question 11

ventricles move blood where

Answer 11

out of the heart

Question 12

what ventricle is thinner and and pumps blood into the lungs

Answer 12

Right ventricle

Question 13

what ventricle is thicker and and pumps blood to the body

Answer 13

left ventricle

Question 14

how many valves are there in the heart?

Answer 14

4

Question 15

what are two types of vales in the heart

Answer 15

atrioventricular (AV)

semilunar (SL)

Question 16

the bicuspid vale is also known as what

Answer 16

mitral

Question 17

what are the two atrioventricular (AV) vales

Answer 17

tricuspid

bicuspid

Question 18

what are the two semilunar (SL) vales

Answer 18

aortic valve

pulmonic valve

Question 19

blood flow through the myocardium is know as what

Answer 19

coronary circulation

Question 20

what supplies the heart with oxygenated blood

Answer 20

right and left coronary arteries

Question 21

Cardiac excitation normally starts where

Answer 21

sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 22

what is the electrical pathway for heart contraction

Answer 22

sinoatrial (SA) node

atrial branch (Buchmann’s branch)

Atrioventricular (AV) node

AV branches (bundle of his)

R/L bundle branches

Purkinje fibers

Question 23

what are the wave names in a ECG

Answer 23

P wave

QRS complex

T wave

Question 24

what does the P wave represent

Answer 24

atrial depolarization

Question 25

what does the QRS complex represent

Answer 25

ventricular depolarization

Question 26

what does the QRS complex hide

Answer 26

atrial repolarization due to size

Question 27

what does the T wave represent

Answer 27

ventricular repolarization

Question 28

a cardiac cycle represents everything associated with one heartbeat typically last how long

Answer 28

0.8 seconds

Question 29

what are the three phases in a cardiac cycle

Answer 29

relaxation periods atrial systole ventricular systole

Question 30

what happens in the relaxation period

Answer 30

ventricles start to relax and repolarize

Question 31

all 4 chambers of the heart including the atria enter into a period of diastole (dilation) in what phase of cardiac cycle

Answer 31

relaxation periods

Question 32

in the relaxation phase of cardiac cycle the ventricles are filled to what capacity

Answer 32

75%

Question 33

in the atrial systole phase of cardiac cycle are both atria depolarized, yes or no

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

in the atrial systole phase of cardiac cycle after depolarization what happens

Answer 34

the last 25% of the blood is ejected from atria to ventricles

Question 35

in the ventricular systole phase of cardiac cycle the ventricles depolarize the do what

Answer 35

contract ejecting blood into the pulmonary trunk and right aorta

Question 36

Approximately how much blood is ejected into systemic circulation per ventricular contraction.

Answer 36

70ml

Question 37

what is Cardiac output (CO)

Answer 37

the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta per minute.

Question 38

what is the formula to calculate Cardiac output (CO)

Answer 38

stroke volume x heart rate | then divide answer by 1000

Question 39

what are the 5 main type of blood vessels

Answer 39

Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins

Question 40

describe arteries and what do they do

Answer 40

thick triple layered carry blood away from heart

Question 41

describe arterioles and what do they do

Answer 41

thin down size arteries

Question 42

describe Capillaries, what do they do, and they are known as what

Answer 42

microscopic / Hair-like connect arterioles to venules. known as exchange vessels

Question 43

Very are the thin vessels formed when capillaries reunite

Answer 43

Venules

Question 44

Designated vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart to be oxygenated.

Answer 44

Veins

Question 45

veins and venules contain about how much total volume of blood (in percent )

Answer 45

64%

Question 46

Capillary filling is controlled by small arterioles and pre-capillary sphincters via what process

Answer 46

auto regulation (constrict or dilate)

Question 47

auto regulation (constrict or dilate) provides what

Answer 47

control blood flow to local tissues according to metabolic demands

Question 48

Balance of BP and osmosis determines amount of fluid in circulation, Excess fluid lost is returned to the circulatory system via what system

Answer 48

lymphatic system

Question 49

Blood pressure is defined as pressure exerted on the walls of the vessels as what contracts

Answer 49

ventricles

Question 50

where is BP highest

Answer 50

aorta and the large systemic arteries.

Question 51

the cardiovascular system has how many liter/ quarts of blood

Answer 51

5 liters 5.3 quarts

Question 52

Volume or blood loss more than what percentage is potentially life threatening.

Answer 52

10%

Question 53

what is the opposition to flow

Answer 53

Vascular resistance

Question 54

with smaller lumen what results in greater resistance

Answer 54

vasoconstriction

Question 55

with greater vessel length what results in greater resistance

Answer 55

weight gain

Question 56

what influences higher viscosity of blood

Answer 56

high hematocrit

Question 57

what regulates blood flow to the brain

Answer 57

the medulla oblongata

Question 58

what are the 3 main types of hormonal feedback blood brain flow

Answer 58

proprioceptors baroreceptors chemoreceptors

Question 59

proprioceptors monitors what

Answer 59

movements of the joints and muscles

Question 60

baroreceptors are pressure receptors for

Answer 60

aorta and carotid arties

Question 61

where are chemoreceptors located

Answer 61

arch of the aorta and carotid bodies

Question 62

chemoreceptors in the arches and the aorta and carotid bodies stimulate what

Answer 62

sympathetic and parasympathetic response to chemical change in the body

Question 63

what are the two main circulation pathways of blood through the body

Answer 63

systemic circulation pulmonary circulation

Question 64

all systemic arteries branch off the

Answer 64

aorta

Question 65

where doe gas exchange take place to re-oxygenate the blood

Answer 65

pulmonary capillaries

Question 66

how is pulse assessed

Answer 66

holding pressure on common arteries for one min

Question 67

what are the common arteries

Answer 67

radial artery carotid artery brachial artery popliteal artery

Question 68

what is the normal pulse/heart rate

Answer 68

75bpm

Question 69

what is considered bradycardia

Answer 69

60bpm

Question 70

what is considered tachycardia

Answer 70

above 100Bpm

Question 71

as we age and stiffing of the aorta and loss of cardiac muscle strength we are at increased risk of what

Answer 71

coronary artery disease (CAD) Congestive heart failure (CHF) atherosclerosis

Question 72

regular exercise for how long and how many times a week is essential for cardiovascular heath

Answer 72

2 min 3-5 times a week