Stridor and Sleep Apnoea Flashcards
1
Q
Define stridor?
A
- Inspiratory wheeze due to large airway obstruction
2
Q
Causes of stridor in children?
A
- Infection (croup, epiglottidis, diptheria)
- Anaphlyaxis
- Foreign bodies
- Burns etc.
3
Q
Causes of stridor in adults?
A
- Neoplasms
- Anaphlyaxis
- Trauma
- Arthritis
4
Q
What is tracheomalacia?
A
- Airways become flacid
- can led to tracheal collapse
5
Q
Investigations of stridor?
A
- laryngoscopy
- bronchoscopy
- flow volume loop
- CT scan
6
Q
Treatment of stridor
A
- treat underlying cause (foreign object removal)
- mask bag ventilation high flow O2
- tracheostomy
- cricothyroidotomy
- intraluminal stent
7
Q
Explain acute anaphylaxis
A
- type 1 (immediate) hypersensitivity (IgE)
- Angioneurotic odemea
- hypotension
- stridor
8
Q
Treatment of anaphylaxis
A
- IM Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- IV antihistamines
- IV corticosteriods
9
Q
Scale used in sleep apneoa
A
Epworth Sleepiness Scale
10
Q
Definition of snoring
A
Relaxation of the pharyngeal dilator muscles during sleep
upper airway narrowing –> turbulent flow –> vibration of soft palate and tounge base
11
Q
Definition of obstructive sleep apneoa
A
intermittent upper airway collapse in sleep
12
Q
Risk factors of OSA
A
- enlarged tonsils
- obesity
- neurological
- drugs
- post op
13
Q
Consequences of OSA
A
- excessive daytime sleepiness
- personality change
- increased risk for hypertension
- impaired glucose tolerance
14
Q
Treatment of OSA
A
- remove underlying cause
- CPAP (Continuos Positive Airway Pressure)
15
Q
Diagnosis of OSA
A
- Epworth sleepiness scale
- oximetry (measuring pulse during sleep)
- Inpatient oximetry and videoing
