Pulmonary embolism and hypertension Flashcards
Thromboembolic disease can be broken down into?
- Deep Venous Thrombosis
- Pulmonary Embolism
What is a pulmonary embolism?
- blockage of the pulmonary artery, by fat, air, or a tumour
What is pulmonary infarction?
- lung tissue death as a result of poor oxygen and blood flow
Clinical presentation of a DVT?
- Swollen, hot, tender, red leg
Differential Diagnosises of a DVT?
- Calf cellulitis
Investigations into a DVT?
- ultrasound Doppler scan
- CT scan
PE presentation
- low BP
- central cyanosis
- haemopytis
- breathlessness
- right heart failure
Risk factors for a PE?
- Thrombophilia
- contraceptive pill
- pregnancy
- trauma
Prevention of a DVT
- early post-op mobilisation
- TED compression stalkings
- Direct oral anticoagulation
- subcutaneous low does heparin
What are the 2 scoring systems used for PE/DVT?
- Wells score
- Revised Geneva
Investigations into a PE?
- V/Q
- CTPA
- Ultrasound
High risk patient presents with a possible PE what is your first diagnosing investigation?
- CTPA
Treatment of a PE?
- Anticoagulant
- low molecular weight heparin
- thrombolysis
What is important to consider when administering warfarin?
- contra-indications
- monitior with INR
Duration of treatment for an unprovoked high risk PE patient?
- 6 months
Duration of treatment for a provoked low risk PE patient?
- 3 monthd
What is used to reverse heparin?
- protamine
mmHg for pulmonary hypertension
> 25mmHg
normal –> 12-20mmHg
Causes of pulmonary hypertension?
- left sided heart failure
- vasculitis
- drugs
- COPD
Cor Pulmonale?
- right heart disease secondary to lung disease
Investigations into pulmonary hypertension?
- ECG
- CXR
- DLCO
- VQ scan
Treatment of primary disease Pulmonary hypertension?
- ca2+ channel blockers
- PDE5 inhibitor
