Immunology Flashcards
What is the major hallmark of immune deficiency?
- recurrent infections
What does SPUR stand for in immunology?
S- Serious infection
P - persistent infection
U - unusual infection
R - Recurrent infection
What is a primary immune deficiency?
- genetic
What is a secondary immune deficiency?
- caused by infection
- treatments (immunosuppression)
3 examples of primary immune deficiencies?
- primary antibody deficency
- congenital phagocytosis deficiency
- complement system disorder
3 different examples of defects in neutrophils?
- neutropenia –> failure to produce them
- defect in trans endothelial migration
- defect in neutrophilic killing
Treatments of primary immune deficiencies?
- immunoglobin replacement therapy
- management of infection
What does hypersensitivity mean?
- immune response that results in bystander damage to the self
Explain Type 1 hypersensitivity
- allergy
- IgE mediated
Explain type II hypersensitivity
- IgG
- IgM mediated
- tissue specific
Explain type III hypersensitivity
- immune complex mediated
- Soluble antigens
Explain type iV hypersensitivity
- delayed
- T cell mediated
example of a type 1 hypesensitivity reaction
- allergy
example of a type 2 hypesensitivity reaction
good pastures syndrome
example of a type 3 hypesensitivity reaction
SLE
example of a type 4 hypesensitivity reaction
TB
Sarcoidosis
Explain the pathophysiology of sarcoidosis
- inhalation of unknown antigen
- macrophages stimulates, CD4 and CD8
- failure to clear antigen
- granuloma formation
- tissue damage
ABCD of type I-IV
I - Allergy
II - antiBody
III - immune Complex
IV - Delayed
Define autoimmunity
- presence of immune responses against self-tissues
2 responses of the normal immune system for autoimmune diseases?
- deletion of the self-reactive lymphocyte in primary lymphoid tissue (central tolerance)
- inactivation of self-reactive lymphocyte in peripheral tissues that escaped central tolerance
What is the purpose of Treg cells?
- inactivation of lymphocytes
- produce anti-inflammatory cytokines
IPEX syndrome is an ______ genetic condition
- x linked
IPEX syndrome is caused by a failure of______
- peripheral tolerance
What 3 factors can cause an autoimmune disease?
- genetics
- environment
- immune regulation factors
HLA is another name for____
- MHC molecules
What environmental factors can cause autoimmune diseases?
- infection
- cigarette smoking
- hormone levels
What is immune regulation?
- importance of immune regulation in mainting self tolerance
2 ways in which autoimmune diseases can be classified?
- clinical
- pathological
What are TH17 cells responsible for?
- inflammation
- autoimmune diseases
