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Respiratory > Respiratory Infections > Flashcards

Respiratory Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of URTI

A
  • Coryza
  • Pharyngitis
  • Sinusitis
  • Epiglottitis
  • Tonsilitis
  • Strep Throat
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2
Q

Antibiotic scoring for strep throat?

A 
FEVERPAIN
F-fever?
P- Pus?
A - attended rapidly?
I - inflammed tonsils?
N - no cough?
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3
Q

What is quinsy?

A

Complication of tonsilitis

life threatening

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4
Q

Example of a nasal decogestant?

A

Oxymetazoline

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5
Q

Explain diptheria

A
  • psudeomembrane on tonsils

- HiB vaccine

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6
Q

Examples of LRTI

A
  • Acute bronchitis
  • Acute exacerbations of COPD
  • Pneumoni
  • Influenza
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7
Q

What is acute bronchitis?

A
  • cold which goes to the chest
  • productive cough
  • fever
  • normal CXR
  • Self limiting
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8
Q

Acute exacerbations of COPD?

A

Precedded by a URTI
Increased sputum
–> amoxicillin?

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9
Q

Two categories of pneumonia

A

Community acquired

Hospital acquired

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10
Q

Symptoms of pneumonia

A

Malasie
Cough
Haemoptysis
Headache

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11
Q

Pneumonia Scoring system

A

CURB65

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12
Q

Low CURB score

A

amoxicillin

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13
Q

High CURB score

A

IV co-amoxicalv

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14
Q

Most common pneumonia

A

Strep pneumonia

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15
Q

IV drug users pneumonia

A

Staphylococcal

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16
Q

Alcoholicis pneumonia

A

Klebsella

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17
Q

CF patient pneumonia

A

pseudomonas

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18
Q

Effects younger people every 4 yrs

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

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19
Q

Legionella

A

Watersupply

20
Q

Chlamydophilia pneumonia

A

person - person spread

21
Q

Chlamydophilia psittaci

A

Birds

22
Q

Hospital acquired pneumonia is most commonly gram____

A

negative

23
Q

Coxiella burnetti

A

Young men
Q fever
sheep

24
Q

What is bronchiectasis

A

Reccurent infection and damage to the airways

- localised, irreversible dilation and inflammation of the bronchial tree

25
Q

Lobar pneumonia?

A

Confined to one lobe

26
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

Infection starts in airways and spreads to adjacent alveolar lung

27
Q

What is a lung abcess

A

Localised collection of pus

Aspiration pneumonia

28
Q

What is empyema

A

Pus in pleural space
Intercostal drain
Look for D shape on CXR

29
Q

Persistent sputum may lead you to think?

A
  • infection
30
Q

What are 3 main risk factors for chronic resp infections?

A
  • abnormal host response
  • abnormal innate host defence
  • repeated insult
31
Q

What are the innnate host defence risk factors for chronic resp infections?

A
  • abnormal cilia function (kartenagers syndrome)

- abnormal scretions (CF)

32
Q

Repeated insult of resp infection may be cause by?

A
  • aspirations (NG feeding tube, poor swallow)

- indwelling material (chest drain, foreign material)

33
Q

what does an intraplumonary abcess look like on CT?

A
  • round thick wall
  • fluid air line
    • following an infection
34
Q

What group of people get bronchial spesis?

A
  • young children

- people that work in childcare

35
Q

septic emboli in the lung can be a sign of what?

A
  • right side endocarditis
  • PWID
  • infected DVT
36
Q

What tests should be carried out on frank pus?

A
  • NO TESTS!

- drain

37
Q

What tests should be carried out on empyema <7.2pH?

A
  • LDH test

- glucose

38
Q

What would an empyema look like on CXR?

A
  • D sign
39
Q

Empyema treatment?

A
  • IV antibiotics –> amoxicillin + metrondiazole

- oral –> 5 weeks –> co-amoxiclav

40
Q

What is the pathophysiology of bronchiectasis?

A
  • 50% idiopathic
  • CF
  • Youngs syndrome
  • immunodeficiency
41
Q

What stain do you use to test for TB and what colour would it turn?

A
  • Ziehl Neelsen stain

- TB particles would stain red

42
Q

Lobar pneumonia is often due to what organism?

A
  • strep pneumonia
43
Q

What is the pathology of pneumonia?

A
  • exudate fibrin rich fluid
  • neutrophil infiltration
  • macrophage infiltration
44
Q

What is an additional problem with dilated airways?

A
  • they can accumulate purulent secretions
45
Q

What would be the pathology of a primary TB infection?

A
  • ghon focus in the peripheries

- large hair nodes( granulomatous)

46
Q

What would be the pathology of secondary TB infection?

A
  • fibrosing and cavitating apical lesions
47
Q

When would TB likely to be reactivated?

A
  • decreased T cell function
  • age
  • coin cent disease (HIV)
  • immunocompromised

Respiratory (25 decks)

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