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Respiratory Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of URTI

A
  • Coryza
  • Pharyngitis
  • Sinusitis
  • Epiglottitis
  • Tonsilitis
  • Strep Throat
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2
Q

Antibiotic scoring for strep throat?

A 
FEVERPAIN
F-fever?
P- Pus?
A - attended rapidly?
I - inflammed tonsils?
N - no cough?
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3
Q

What is quinsy?

A

Complication of tonsilitis

life threatening

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4
Q

Example of a nasal decogestant?

A

Oxymetazoline

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5
Q

Explain diptheria

A
  • psudeomembrane on tonsils

- HiB vaccine

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6
Q

Examples of LRTI

A
  • Acute bronchitis
  • Acute exacerbations of COPD
  • Pneumoni
  • Influenza
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7
Q

What is acute bronchitis?

A
  • cold which goes to the chest
  • productive cough
  • fever
  • normal CXR
  • Self limiting
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8
Q

Acute exacerbations of COPD?

A

Precedded by a URTI
Increased sputum
–> amoxicillin?

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9
Q

Two categories of pneumonia

A

Community acquired

Hospital acquired

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10
Q

Symptoms of pneumonia

A

Malasie
Cough
Haemoptysis
Headache

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11
Q

Pneumonia Scoring system

A

CURB65

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12
Q

Low CURB score

A

amoxicillin

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13
Q

High CURB score

A

IV co-amoxicalv

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14
Q

Most common pneumonia

A

Strep pneumonia

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15
Q

IV drug users pneumonia

A

Staphylococcal

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16
Q

Alcoholicis pneumonia

A

Klebsella

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17
Q

CF patient pneumonia

A

pseudomonas

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18
Q

Effects younger people every 4 yrs

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

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19
Q

Legionella

A

Watersupply

20
Q

Chlamydophilia pneumonia

A

person - person spread

21
Q

Chlamydophilia psittaci

22
Q

Hospital acquired pneumonia is most commonly gram____

23
Q

Coxiella burnetti

A

Young men
Q fever
sheep

24
Q

What is bronchiectasis

A

Reccurent infection and damage to the airways

- localised, irreversible dilation and inflammation of the bronchial tree

25
Lobar pneumonia?
Confined to one lobe
26
Bronchopneumonia
Infection starts in airways and spreads to adjacent alveolar lung
27
What is a lung abcess
Localised collection of pus | Aspiration pneumonia
28
What is empyema
Pus in pleural space Intercostal drain Look for D shape on CXR
29
Persistent sputum may lead you to think?
- infection
30
What are 3 main risk factors for chronic resp infections?
- abnormal host response - abnormal innate host defence - repeated insult
31
What are the innnate host defence risk factors for chronic resp infections?
- abnormal cilia function (kartenagers syndrome) | - abnormal scretions (CF)
32
Repeated insult of resp infection may be cause by?
- aspirations (NG feeding tube, poor swallow) | - indwelling material (chest drain, foreign material)
33
what does an intraplumonary abcess look like on CT?
- round thick wall - fluid air line - - following an infection
34
What group of people get bronchial spesis?
- young children | - people that work in childcare
35
septic emboli in the lung can be a sign of what?
- right side endocarditis - PWID - infected DVT
36
What tests should be carried out on frank pus?
- NO TESTS! | - drain
37
What tests should be carried out on empyema <7.2pH?
- LDH test | - glucose
38
What would an empyema look like on CXR?
- D sign
39
Empyema treatment?
- IV antibiotics --> amoxicillin + metrondiazole | - oral --> 5 weeks --> co-amoxiclav
40
What is the pathophysiology of bronchiectasis?
- 50% idiopathic - CF - Youngs syndrome - immunodeficiency
41
What stain do you use to test for TB and what colour would it turn?
- Ziehl Neelsen stain | - TB particles would stain red
42
Lobar pneumonia is often due to what organism?
- strep pneumonia
43
What is the pathology of pneumonia?
- exudate fibrin rich fluid - neutrophil infiltration - macrophage infiltration
44
What is an additional problem with dilated airways?
- they can accumulate purulent secretions
45
What would be the pathology of a primary TB infection?
- ghon focus in the peripheries | - large hair nodes( granulomatous)
46
What would be the pathology of secondary TB infection?
- fibrosing and cavitating apical lesions
47
When would TB likely to be reactivated?
- decreased T cell function - age - coin cent disease (HIV) - immunocompromised

Respiratory (25 decks)

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