Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Respiratory > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the URT

A
  • Nasal cavities
  • Oral cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What makes up the LRT

A
  • Trachea
  • Left and right main bronchus
  • Lobar bronchi
  • Segmental bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens at the C6 vertebra?

A
  • The larynx –> trachea

- The pharynx –> oesphagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the 5 lung lobes

A
  • The left lung, only has an upper and lower lobe due to the heart being positioned there.
  • The right lung has an upper, middle and lower lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a fissure?

A
  • Deep crevices

- seperates the different lobes of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why can surgery be perfomed within the lung?

A
  • Each lung lobe, bronchopulmonary segment has its own air supply, blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nervous supply
  • surgens able to remove segments of lung if appropriate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the lining of the bronchial tree?

A
  • The bronchial tree (except distal bronchioles and alveoli) is lined with respiratory epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is respiratory epithelium

A
  • Mucous glands

- Cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain the differences in hyaline cartilage and smooth muscle in the respiratory tree?

A
  • as you move down the tree, hyaline cartilage decreases (bronchioles and alveoli have none)
  • smooth muscle increases (alvoli have none)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Purpose of hyaline cartilage?

A

Patency (keeping airways open)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Purpose of smooth muscle in the bronchioles?

A

Allows them to constrict or dilate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Principle 1?

A

We must ensure that enough O2 and CO2 can diffuse between alveolus and blood at the pulmonary capillary beds

  • thin alvolar walls
  • minimal tissue fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Principle 2?

A

We must ensure that we can move air freely into and out of our lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the ethmoid bone

A
  • Posterior part of the nasal septum (superior to vomer)

- seperates nasal cavity with brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do we keep our URT patent

A
  • hyoid bone
  • thyroid cartilage
  • cricoid cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 functions of the vocal ligaments?

A
  • Voice production (Phonation and articulation)

- airway protection (rima glottidis narrowest part of URT- cough reflex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Principle 3?

A

We must ensure that we move warm, moist, “clean” air into and out of our lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the conchae?

A

Shell like part of nasal cavity
Increases surface area
produces turbulent flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do we ensure principle 3 is met?

A

Warmth - respiratory epithelium has good arterial blood suppyly
Humidified - mucous provides moisture
Clean - mucous traps infected particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do the tonsils do?

A
  • part of the lymphatic system
  • produce white blood cells
  • defend against infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3 parts that make up the pharynx

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Principle 4?

A

We must protect our precious lungs

23
Q

How many ribs?

A

12 in total
true 1-7
false 8-10
floating 11-12

24
Q

At what rib level is the sternal angle?

25
What marks the spot of correct CPR
Xiphoid process
26
What type of join is the sternocostal joint
- joins costal cartilage to the sternum | - synovial joint
27
What is the thorax made up of?
- Chest wall | - Chest cavity
28
Explain embryo development of lungs
- Lung bud - pushes out from mediastnium - covered in pleura
29
3 skeletal muscles of breathing?
- external intercostal muscles - internal intercostal muscles - innermost intercostal muscles * diaphragm also important
30
What are intercostal spaces and how many are there?
- spaces between the ribs | - 11 pairs
31
What makes up the neurovascular bundle in the intercostal space?
- nerve - artery - vein
32
Nerve supply to the intercostal space?
- Anterior ramus of spinal nerve | - intercostal nerve
33
Posterior blood supply to the intercostal space?
- Arterial supply – Thoracic aorta | - Venous drainage - Azygous vein
34
Anterior blood supply to the intercostal space?
- Arterial supply – Internal thoracic artery | - Venous drainage – internal thoracic vein
35
What nerve supplies the diaphragm
- Phrenic Nerve | - Anterior Rami (C3,4,5)
36
Name the 4 different perital pleuras
- cervical parietal pleura - costal parietal pleura - diagphramatic parietal pleura - mediastinal parietal pleura
37
Name of the angle between ribs and diaphragm?
Costophrenic angle | Costodiaphragmatic recess
38
Rough description of the helium
Arteries at top | Veins at bottom
39
Explain roughly cough production
- stimulation of sensory receptors - CNS produces response - deep inspiration - adduction of vocal cods + rima glottidis - contraction of abdominal muscles - increase in intraabdominal pressure - abduction of vocal cords + rima glottidis - tense soft palate
40
What nerve supplies the diaphragm?
- phrenic nerve | - C3,4,5
41
What nerve controls the opening and closing of vocal cords/rima glottidis?
- Vagus nerve | - CN X
42
What crainal nerve causes the soft palate to tense during a cough?
- CN V
43
What 2 nerves are involved in sneezing?
- CN V | - CN IX
44
What 2 nerve are involved in coughing?
- CN IX | - CN X
45
What is contained within the carotoid sheaths?
- vagus nerve - internal carotid artery - common carotid artery - internal jugular vein
46
What are the 3 layers of abdominal muscles involved in coughing?
- external oblique - internal olique - transversus abdominus
47
What are the functions of the abdominal muscles?
- tonic contractions for posture - guarding of abdominal organs - forced expiration
48
what are the consequences of a chronic cough?
- rupture of lung | - pneumothorax
49
What size is a small and large pneumothorax
- small < 2cm | - large > 2cm
50
How would you treat a pneumothorax
- needle aspiration into 4th/5th intercostal space space midaxillary
51
What is a tension pneumothorax?
- one way valve created - build up of pressure - lung collapses
52
What might a tension pneumothorax cause?
- mediastinal shift to the opposite side of the tension pneumothorax
53
What are the symptoms of a tension pneumothorax?
- SOB - No air entry - tracheal deviation - hypotension
54
Treatment of a tension pneumothorax?
- large gauge cannula | - 2nd/3rd intercostal space midclavicular

Respiratory (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions