Oxygen and Respiratory Failure

Question 1

What is Type 1 respiratory failure?

Answer 1

• Hypoxemic
• Short of O2
• Normal levels of CO2

Question 2

What is Type 2 respiratory failure?

Answer 2

• Hypercapnic
• Short of O2
• High levels of CO2

Question 3

V/Q mismatch meaning?

Answer 3

• Ventilation/ Perfusion

- areas of poor ventilation have reactive vasoconstriction

Question 4

What is the Haldane effect?

Answer 4

• O2 can displace CO2 from Hb

Question 5

What is the bohr effect?

Answer 5

• High concentration of CO2 prevents O2 from binding to Hb

Question 6

Explain shunting

Answer 6

• Perfusion without ventilation

Question 7

Explain dead space

Answer 7

• ventilation without perfusion

Question 8

What is the V/Q for the apex of the lung

Answer 8

• Good V

- Poor Q

Question 9

Pros and cons of nasal cannulaes

Answer 9

• well tolerated
• uncontrolled FiO2
• relaies on nasal breathing

Question 10

Pros and cons of venturi mask

Answer 10

• fixed FiO2

- Flows up to 250l/min

Question 11

Pros and cons of variable perfomance masks

Answer 11

• cheap and simple
• 5-15l/min
• uncontrolled FiO2

Question 12

Pros and cons of non-rebreathing mask

Answer 12

• up to 80% FiO2

- uncontrolled FiO2

Question 13

Explain the theory of hypoxic drive

Answer 13

• Many believe not to give o2 to COPD patients
• COPD patients have increased CO2 levels usually so the central chemoreceptors which usually tell body to breathe more if CO2 levels increase isnt as sensitive
• In COPD patients it is the peripheral chemoreceptors that control breathing, when O2 gets too low
• it was thought that increasing O2 in COPD patients the peripheral receptors wouldnt detect change and the patient would stop breathing
• NOT COMPLETELY TRUE
• Aim for 88-92% O2 in COPD patients

Question 14

What occurs when there is poor ventilation?

Answer 14

• areas of poor ventilation have reactive vasoconstriction