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stretching Flashcards

1
Q

what is mobility

A

ability to move ROM for functional abilites - functional ROM

assoc with joint integ and tissue extensibility

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2
Q

what is stretching

A

therapeutic maneuver to inc extensibility of soft tissues - imrpoving flexibility

elongating the structures that have adaptively shortened and became hypomobile

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3
Q

what is flexibility

A

ability to rotate a single joint or series of joints smoothly and easily through an unrestricted, pain-free ROM

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4
Q

exp dynamic flexibility

A

AROM - active muscle contraction and depends on contraction and tissue resistance

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5
Q

exp passive flexibility

A

PROM - external force and depends on muscle and connective tissue extensibility

prereq for AROM but does not ensure AROM

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6
Q

what are the contributing factors for hypomobility

A

prolonged immob

sedentary or habitual postures

postural or muscle imbalances

paralysis or weakness

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7
Q

compare contracture to tightness

A

both are adaptive shortening of muscle-tendon unit = LOM

contractures - almost complete loss

tightness - mild shortening lng

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8
Q

types of contracature

A

myostatic
pseudomyostatic
arthrogenic and periarticular
fibrotic and irreversible

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9
Q

exp myostatic contracture

A

shortened musculotendinous unit and can be resolved with stretching excericises easily

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10
Q

exp pseudomyostatic contrcture

A

hypertonicity assoc c CNS lesions, muscle spasm/guarding, pain

excessive resistance to passive stretch and can be reduced temoporarlily w neuromuscular inhib

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11
Q

exp arthrogenic and periarticular contracture

A

intra-articular pathology d/t adhesion, joint effusion, osteophyte formation - knee oa

connective tissue around joint becomes stiff

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12
Q

exp fibrotic and irreversible contracture

A

fibrotic - connective tissue becomes fibrous = adherence & fibrotic tissue

irreversible - permanent loss of extensibility s surgery

possible naman to stretch but vv hard to re-establish optimal tissue length

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13
Q

exp concept of selective stretching

A

stretching some muscles but allows LOM to some for stability or function - usually in pt’s c paralysis

SCI paraplegic - LOM of trunk motion but stretching on hams

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14
Q

what is overstretching

A

stretching beyond normal length of muscle and ROM of joint = hypermob

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15
Q

type of tissue that has elastic and plastic qualities

A

contractile and non-contractile

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16
Q

type of tissue that has visoelastic qualities

A

non-contractile only

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17
Q

what is the response of soft tissues to stretch

A

elastic - viscoelastic - plastic

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18
Q

what is elasticity

A

ablity of soft tissue to return to its pre-stretched resting length directly after a short duration stretch force

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19
Q

what is viscoelasticity

A

for non-contractile

time dependent - resists deformation initially and allows change in length if sustained then gradually return after stretch

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20
Q

what is plasticitiy

A

tendency of soft tissue to assume a greater length after stretch

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21
Q

grade 1 strain

A

microfailure - some ruptures at early plastic

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22
Q

grade 2 strain

A

macrofailure - inc ruptured fibers at latter plastic

23
Q

grade 3 strain

A

complete rupture beyond plastic range

24
Q

how does immob affect collagen

A

causes weakening of collagen bonding and forms adhesion - dec space and lub

25
how does inactivity affect collagen
dec size and amount of collagen - weak
26
how does age affect collagen
dec in maximal tensile strength and slower adaption
27
how does sterioids affect collagen
dec in tensile strength
28
how does injury affect collagen
excessive loading = rupture of ligaments and tendons newly made collagen is weaker
29
discuss significance of stretch reflex in stretching
inc tension resists lengthening to minimize stretch reflex - slow and low intensity prolonged stretch is preferred kesa ballistic
30
what is reciprocal inhib
contraction of agonist = reflex relaxation antagonist = stretch and protect it from injury
31
what is autogeninc inhib
GTO inhibs contraction = relaxation during stretching = easier
32
indications of stretching
LOM to prevent structural deformities muscle weakness and shortening of opposing tissue for prevention of risk in sports prior or after exercise
33
contraindic for stretching
bony blocks recent fractires or malunion acute stage sharp acute pain hematoma or trauma hypermob contractures that provide stab or fucntion
34
main rationale of stretching
regain normal ROM of joints and mobility of soft tissues that surround a joint
35
goals of stretching
inc flexibility and ROM general fitness injury prevention and reductions of soreness
36
precautions of stretching
do not force beyond normal ROM newly united fractures osteoporosis vigorous stretching esp if immmob for a long time avoid ballistic progress gradually joint pain and muscle soreness > 24 hrs after stretching avoid stretching edematous tissue and weak muscles
37
what are the determinants of stretching
alignment stabilization intensity duration speed frequency mode
38
discuss alignment in stretching
pos so that stretch force is directed to muscle group - stretch rectus fem dapat neutral pelvis and spine with knee flexed and hip extended
39
discuss stablization in stretching
fixation of body segment para ma stretch yung muscle properly - stab hip when stretching rectus fem in prone
40
discuss intensity in stretching
low instensity dapat - more comfy and minimizes MG, soreness and tissue damage
41
discuss time in stretching
15 secs x 5 30 secs x 3 45 secs x 2
42
discuss static stretching
GPS - most common type slowly elongated and held
43
discuss cyclic or intermittent stretching
repeated but gradual - 5-10 secs each cycle not same as ballistic slow stretch and low intensity pdin but in cycles
44
discuss speed in stretching
slow applied is better that ballistic - less like to activate stretch reflex
45
discuss frequency for stretching
2-5 sessions per week
46
discuss mode for stretching
manual passive self-stretching mechanical strethcing
47
discuss manual passive stretching
PT applies external force - gains in ROM are transient d/t sarcomere give or connective tissue recovery from creep
48
discuss self stretching
importans aspect of HEP - enables pt to independently inc/maintain ROM
49
discuss prolonged mechanical passive stretching
use of equipments - ankle weights low intensity for long time - 15-30 mins or 8-10 hrs
50
what is active inhibition or PNF stretching
facilitative or active stretching - uses muscle contraction to faci or inhib and inc stretch
51
discuss hold-relax
pt elongates - isometric contraction of opposite action of desired ROM against PT for 6 sec - relax - PT passively stretches to new range and holds for 15 secs - repeat for tight hamstrings pt does SLR - pushes down or flex hams against PT for 6 secs - relax - PT passively SLR more and holds for 15 secs x 3 reps autogenic inhib
52
discuss agonist contraction
pt elongates - isometric contraction of agonist of muscle of desired ROM against PT for 6 sec - relax - PT passively stretches to new range and holds for 15 secs - repeat for tight hams pt does SLR - pt extends leg or extends quads against PT for 6 secs - relax - PT passively SLR more and holds for 15 secs x 3 reps reciprocal inhib
53
discuss HR-AC
combi of autogenic and reciprocal inhib Pre-stretch isometric contraction of the antagonist → relaxation of antagonist → concentric contraction of the agonist (combination of HR/AR and AC)
54
what should we do after stretching
cryo to minimize post stretch soreness have pt perform active exercise and functional activities that uses gained ROM strengthen agonist muscle

msk2 (42 decks)

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