cervical spine and tmj conditions

Question 1

discuss cervical strain injury

Answer 1

damage to the muscles or tendons in the neck due to overstretching or tearing

Question 2

causes of cervical strain injury

Answer 2

trauma - MVA, whiplash, falls, sport injury, rapid forward and backward

overuse - repetitive and vigorous neck movements; 20 times in an hour

poor posture - extended periods = overstretched muscle

lifting heavy objects - exerts too much on neck

sudden impact - direct trauma to neck

Question 3

clinical presentation of cervical strain

Answer 3

dull, sharp or stabbing pain local to neck or radiate to shoulder and upper back

muscle spasm to guard

stiffness - LOM from pain, strain or MG

HA - from base of skull to other areas, since muscles in occiput have similar aponeurosis

Question 4

discuss MPS

Answer 4

chronic c insidious onset - has trigger points

primary trigger point - pain when pressed

secondary trigger point - radiation to primary trigger point

Question 5

causes of MPS

Answer 5

muscle overuse or injury - repetitive motions or acute injury

poor posture - chronic poor posture

stress and anxiety - inc muscle tension

lack of activity - sedentary

Question 6

clinical presentation of MPS

Answer 6

referred pain
muscle tenderness
muscle stiffness
twitch response

Question 7

discuss cervical disk herniation

Answer 7

nucleus pulposus protrudes though annulus fibrosus - posterolateral

more common in lumbar

can compress nearby structures - nerve roots

Question 8

causes of cervical disk herniation

Answer 8

age related degen - discs loses hydration and elasticity

trauma - sudden forceful movements or impacts

repetitive neck strain - neck always bent kaya mas mag protrude anteriorly

genetics

poor posture

Question 9

clinical presentation of cervical disk herniation

Answer 9

neck pain that is local or can peripheralize

radiating pain to arm - sharp or burning

numbness and tingling esp in advanced

muscle weakness and reduced reflexes

diff c fine motor tasks in advanced

Question 10

discuss cervical radiculopathy

Answer 10

from compression or irritation of nerve roots

d/t disc herniation
- extension bias

d/t narrowing of foramina
- promote flexion to widen

always has peripheral manifestation

Question 11

causes of cervical radic

Answer 11

degenerative disc disease

bone spurs

spinal stenosis

injury or displacement of spinal components

inflammation - swelling causes compression

Question 12

clinical pres of cervical radic

Answer 12

radiating pain

numbness or tingling

muscle weakness and dec reflexes

sensory deficits

Question 13

discuss cervical spondylosis

Answer 13

aka neck arthritis or cervical OA

degen of cartilage and disks = compression of spine

Question 14

causes of cervical spondylosis

Answer 14

genetics

jobs that involve repetitive neck motions, poor posture and prolonged sitting

past trauma can accelerate degen

smoking

obesity and osteoporosis

Question 15

clinical pres of cervical spondylosis

Answer 15

neck pain that may worsen c movement and stiffness on lat flex and flex-ext

HA from back of head to forehead

muscle spasms

reduced ROM

radiating pain but can also be local

Question 16

discuss TMD

Answer 16

variety of conditions that affect TMJ, muscles of mastication and surrounding tissue

Question 17

causes of TMD

Answer 17

physical stress - bad bite, braces, poor posture and teeth grinding, sungki

chewing hard foods or ice - joint distraction or compression

forward head posture
injury to jaw/joint

arthritis like OA or RA

genetics

psychological stress

Question 18

clinical pres of TMD

Answer 18

pain and tenderness - jaw, msucles and ear area

LOM - assym opening or limtied

clicking, popping and grating

locking of jaw

HA, earache, dizziness and disturbances in teeth