Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

msk2 > principles of intervention > Flashcards

principles of intervention Flashcards

1
Q

discuss the characteristics of acute stage

A

aka reaction or inflammatory stage

lasts 4-6 days from injury; unless re-injured

cardinal signs of inflammation
pain at rest and before tissue resistance
impaired ROM d/t pain or muscle guarding
dec use of assoc parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

discuss the characteristics of subacute stage

A

aka proliferation, repair or healing stage

lasts 10-17 days; 6 wks if tendon

signs of inflammation dec or absent
paint during tissue resistance and end range
impaired ROM d/t contractures, tightness, atrophy
dec function and strength from disuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

discuss the characteristics of chronic stage

A

aka maturation and remodeling stage

lasts for 6 mon - 1 yr

(-) signs of inflammation
pain after tissue resistance
impaired ROM d/t weakness, poor endurance, poor muscle control
dec or unable to function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the signs of inflammation

A

paint at rest - dolor
swelling - tumor
redness - rubor
heat - calor
loss of function - functio laesa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when does scar retraction occur

A

day 21 - chronic stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

remodeling time is influenced by factors that affect ________

A

density and activity of fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

give factors that affect density and activity of fibroblasts

A

time of immobilization
stress placed on tissue
location of lesion
vascular supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

differentiate the state of healing between late subacute and chronic

A

late subacute - formation of collagen and tissue; fragile and poorly oriented

chronic - improved quality of collagen tensile strength and orientation and reduction of wound size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

area at high risk of injury in skeletal muscle

A

myotendinous junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

common MOI for muscle injuries

A

high demand or high impact activity - strain

direct trauma - contusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

discuss classification of muscle injuries

A

grade 1 (minor) - tearing few fibers; minimal strength loss

grade 2 (moderate) - tearing of more fibers (partial); loss of contractile strength

grade 3 (severe) - cross sectional rupture; complete loss of strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

characteristics of destruction phase in muscle injuries

A

necrosis of torn fibers
hematoma and inflammation
fibrin and fibronectin provide support against contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

characteristics of repair phase in muscle injuries

A

after few days to few weeks post-injury

phagocytosis of necrotic tissue
regeneration of contractile elements
myofiber formation and scar formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

characteristics of remodeling phase in muscle injuries

A

after 4-6 wks post-injury

re-organization of tissue integrity and functional maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

compare the healing of small and large muscle injuries

A

small - muscle tissue
large - scar tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

give clinical implications for rehab of muscle injuries

A

rest vv important in early phase to promote healing

use modalities to control inflammation, edema, stiffness, pain

early activity at available range to prevent adhesions, contracture and dec strength

no active stretching 3-7 days post-injury to prevent re-injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when can active stretching can be done in rehab of muscles ?

A

bawal 3-7 days post-injury pero pwede na after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

common MOI tendinopathy

A

repetitive motions, loading (overuse) = microtears or abrupt forceful contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

usual time frame for achilles tendon rupture in terms of healing and return to sports

A

12-16 wks to heal after injury

return to sport after 3-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

characteristics of inflammatory phase in tendinous injuries

A

acute - few days to wks after injury

(+) signs of inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

characteristics of proliferative phase in tendinous injuries

A

few days to few weeks after injury and up to 6 wks

collagen synthesis
correct faulty biomech and compensatory posture/motions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

characteristics of remodeling phase in tendinous injuries

A

about 6 wks after injury

fibrous repair; collagen aligns based on direction of stress placed on tendon (strengthening starts but no too intense)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

characteristics of scar formation phase in tendinous injuries

A

10 wks to 1 yr

decline of tendon metabolism and vascularity
strengthening in tissue continues (pwede na higher intensity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

give clinical implications for rehab of tendinous injuries

A

avoid prolonged immob

identify postural dysfunction or biomech fault to reduce improper loading on tendon

strengthening and stretching designed for remodeling then progress if in scar formation na

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

common MOI for ligamentous injuries

A

from excessive lengthening of ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

most commonly injured ligaments

A

lateral ankle ligaments tas ACL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

discuss grade 1 ligamental injury

A

stretched ligament; no excessive motion

few fibers in plastic range ruptured; intervention and protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

discuss grade 2 ligamental injury

A

partial tear in ligament; moderate joint laxity

surgery is dependent on instab and goals of pt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

discuss grade 3 ligamental injury

A

complete ligament rupture; significant joint laxity

surgical intervention

30
Q

discuss inflammatory phase in ligamental injuries

A

starts within 72 hrs after injury

(+) hematoma and signs of inflammation
deposition of ground substance and disorganized collagen

31
Q

discuss regenerative phase in ligamental injuries

A

few days up to 6 wks after injury

fibroblast proliferation and collagen formation

32
Q

discuss remodeling phase in ligamental injuries

A

6 wks post-injury up to 1 yr

remodeling of ligament and improved collagen orientation

33
Q

clinical implications for ligamental rehab

A

avoid prolonged immob

stress ligament during proliferative and remodeling = more organized collagen

34
Q

common MOI for bone injuries

A

trauma or accident
overuse
aging or osteoporosis
cancer
metabolic abnormalities

35
Q

discuss hematoma formation phase in bone healing

A

initial 48-72 hrs post-injury

hematoma = fibrin meshwork where fibroblasts and capillaries surround

36
Q

discuss cellular proliferation phase in bone healing

A

osteogenic cells proliferate = forms fibrocartilage collar

37
Q

discuss callus formation face in bone healing

A

cont proliferation turns collar into callus

healing of bone begins; slower in geriatric tas faster sa kids then adult

38
Q

discuss ossification face in bone healing

A

osteoblasts replace cartilage = ossification of callus

39
Q

discuss consolidation and remodelling face in bone healing

A

up to a teat to complete

callus is reabsorbed and bone remodels based on stress placed

40
Q

clinical impli for bone rehab

A

immob until may callus na - repeat xrays; callus = mob; if atrophy na tas wala pdin callus consult ortho

treat soft tissue damage with modalities

once mobilization is allowed dapat may progressive strength regime to reverse atrophy

controlled WB as reco ng ortho

41
Q

common MOI for cartilage

A

trauma or degeneration or overuse from faulty biomech

42
Q

discuss grade 0 cartilage injury

A

normal cartilage

43
Q

discuss grade 1 cartilage injury

A

superficial lesions, rough surface and chondral softening

intact surface

44
Q

discuss grade 2 cartilage injury

A

lesions extending < 50% of cartilage depth; abnormal

irreg surface defects < 50% of cartilage depth; ulcerations, fissuring, fibrillation

45
Q

discuss grade 3 cartilage injury

A

lesions extending > 50% of cartilage depth; severely abnormal

irreg surface defects > 50% of cartilage depth; ulcerations, fissuring, fibrillation

46
Q

discuss grade 4 cartilage injury

A

extends to subchondral bone; full thickness injury

cartilage loss and exposes bone

47
Q

discuss healing process of cartilage damage

A

lack of blood supply impedes regeneration

48
Q

exp how cartilage injury cause pain

A

aneural in general but

OA - no cartilage = bone to bone contact (may nociceptors) = pain

meniscal tear - pain d/t abnormal biomech, plica or inflammation of soft tissue

49
Q

clinical impli for rehab of CARTILAGE damage

A

focus on restoring normal joint mob, dec inflammation and pain and correcting faulty biomech and postures as well as dysfucntions in muscle activation

avoid excessesive WB

50
Q

usual MOI for nerve damage

A

direct - compression, tension, laceration, stretch, electricity, radiation

indirect - poor circulation, temp, chemicals

51
Q

discuss nueropraxia

A

segmental demyelination

AP is slowed or blocked; no muscle atrophy and temporary sensory loss

d/t mild ischemia from compression

complete recovery

52
Q

discuss axonotmesis

A

loss of axonal cont; wallerian degen

muscle atrophy and sensory loss

d/t prolonged compression and stretch = necrosis and infarc

incomplete recovery and may require surgery

53
Q

discuss nuerotmesis

A

complete severance of nerve fiber; wallerian degen

muscle atrophy and sensory loss

d/t GSW, stabs, avulsion rupture

no recovery w/o surgery

54
Q

discuss sunderland type 1

A

neuropraxia, minimal disruption

complete recovery

55
Q

discuss sunderland type 2

A

axonotmesis; wallerian and disruption of axon

usually complete recovery

56
Q

discuss sunderland type 3

A

axonotmesis or neurotmesis; wallerian and disruption of axon, endoneurium

poor prognosis s surgery

57
Q

discuss sunderland type 4

A

neurotmesis; wallerian and disruption of axon, endoneurium, peri

poor prognosis s surgery

58
Q

discuss sunderland type 5

A

neurotmesis; wallerian and disruption of axon, endoneurium, peri, epi - complete disruption

poor prognosis s surgery

59
Q

discuss acute phase in healing PNI

A

immed after injury or surgery

minimize inflammation and tension to promote healing

60
Q

discuss recovery phase in healing PNI

A

signs of re-innervation

focus on re-training and re-education of muscle

61
Q

discuss chronic phase in healing PNI

A

re-innervation potential peaked

focus on training of compensatory techniques

62
Q

clinical impli for rehab of PNI

A

observe if pt regains strength and sense ona rea

provide favorable environment for healing

maintain normal ROM and neural mobilizaition to prevent contractures and promote nerve gliding

use modalities for sensory or motor re-education (ES)

63
Q

goals of treatment in the protection phase

A

control effects of inflammation

faci wound healing

maintain normal function in assoc areas

64
Q

goals of treatment in the controlled motion phase

A

promote healing

nondestructive exercises

restore mob and function

65
Q

goals of treatment in the return to function phase

A

inc strength and flexibility

return to functional and work activities

66
Q

goals of treatment if post op

A

max, mod and min protection phase

67
Q

interventions in protection phase

A

PRICES, immob to control inflammation

passive movement to promote mon

massage to reduce swelling

68
Q

interventions in controlled motion phase

A

AROM, isometrics, endurance and stabilization exercise, functional training

hold-relax stretching, passive stretching and massage

69
Q

interventions in return to function phase

A

progressive stretching and cross fiber massage

indep = strengthening, endurance, aerobic training

specificity drills

70
Q

precautions and contraindications in protection phase

A

pre - proper dosage of rest and movement

contra - stretching and resistance

71
Q

precautions and contraindications in controlled motion phase

A

pre - proper dosage of rest and movement, eccentric and heavy resistance exercises

msk2 (42 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions