stress and immune responses Flashcards
what is stress`
exposure to harm or threat
causes physiological changes hr/br
where does a stress response begin
nucleus of the hypothalamus
where is ATCH released from
pituitary gland
what does acth cause release of
glucocorticods from the adrenal cortex
which system to stressors activate
sympathetic nervous system
what is released from the sympathetic nervous system caused by stressors
adrenaline and nor adrenaline
where is adrenaline and nor adrenaline released from
adrenal medulla
what effect do stressors have on cytokines
stressors increase the production of cytokines
define psychoneuroimmunology
effect of the mind on health and drug resistance
what is the link betwee stress and gastric ulcers
higher levels of stress = more susceptible to gastric ulcers
what bacteria causes a gastric ulcer
H-pylori
what is a gastric ulcer
lesion on stomach lining
state the 2 lines of defense in the immune system
- innate immune system
2. adaptive immune system
what are cytokines
small proteins produced by immune cells
what is the function of cytokines
promote healing of damaged tissue
state the processes that occur in the innate immune system
pathogens cause swelling
cytokines are released whcih attract phagocytes and leukocytes
what is the function of the adaptive immune system
destroys cells that have already been attacked by phagocytes
what is a lymphocyte
specialised white blood cell in the lymphatic system
what immunity does a T cell produce
cell mediated immunity
describe the process of a t cell
bind to macrophage
t cell would multiply, created more t cells to destroy pathogen
what immunity does a B cell produce
antibody mediated immunity
describe the immunity process of a B cell
B cell bind with antigen
B cell replicate and release the specific antibody to the antigen
antibody kill micro-organism
what is the advantage of the memory component of the adaptive immune system
allow vaccinations to have their preventative effect
provide immunisation
define acute stress
good to fight infection
what do short term cytokines do
combat infection
define chronic stress
immune system becomes less effective
what do long term cytokines do
cause problems or long term health consequences
what are T and B cells receptors for
glucocorticods
what are lymphocytes receptors for
glucocorticods, adrenaline and nor adrenaline
which brain region has lots of glucocorticods receptors
hippocampus
what are the risks of a small hippocampus
increased risk of stress
increased risk of ptsd
what is the effect of stress mediated by
glucocorticoid levels
if a pup was raised by an anxious mother, what effect would this have on adulthood for the pup
anxious adult
what effect did meditation have on stress response
increased production of antibody in meditation group compared to control group
led to increased immune response to vaccination
state two types of stress
acute and chronic stress
what is the function of the innate immune system
react quickly to pathogens
activated by toll like receptors
define phagocyte
ingestion of bacteria or other material
