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PSY219 NEURO > research methods of neuroscience > Flashcards

research methods of neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

name the levels of description in neuroscience

A 
psychological 
system
microcircuits
neuronal
intracellualr
molecular
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2
Q

name research constraints

A

time
money
ethics
faciliaties

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3
Q

what does an x ray technique do

A

confirm location of foreign objects - which are different to body

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4
Q

what does a contrast x ray show

A

contrast betwen intravascular and extravascular parts of body

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5
Q

how to run a contrast x ray

A

inject contrast agent into body

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6
Q

what does mri stand for

A

magnetic resonance imaging

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7
Q

describe the mri process

A

use of energy in frequency waves and the enegry absorbed which is measured in the body
difference between white and grey matter

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8
Q

describe PET scanning

A

use of radioactive tracer to measure levels of radioactivity

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9
Q

advantage of PET

A

good temporal resolution

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10
Q

disadvantage of PET

A

weak spatial resolution

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11
Q

how is eeg measured

A

use of ERPS which is the average sigal over many trials

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12
Q

when do small waves occur in eeg

A

far field potentials - occur far away from brain stem nuclei

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13
Q

how is fmri measured

A

use of BOLD to measure activity of oxygen flow in the brain

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14
Q

what is the contrast agent for fmri

A

blood

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15
Q

how is meg measured

A

electrical current of cells in white blood matter induce magnetic field

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16
Q

does eeg or meg have better temporal resolution

A

MEG

17
Q

define TMS

A

trans-magentic stimulation

18
Q

how does tms work

A

turn off areas of cortex
inhibit or excite tissue
induce current

19
Q

what does tms allow you to do

A

measure cog function whilst some areas of brain are turned off

20
Q

what are the 3 r principles of neuroscience methods

A

replacement
refienment
reduction

21
Q

what are the strengths of using an invasive method

A

1) direct measurment of brain cells
2) determine connectivity betwen structures
3) allows circuit disurptions
4) lesion specific structures

22
Q

what is intracellular unit recoding

A

electrode placed inside cell to measure brain activity inside cell

23
Q

what is extracellular unit recording

A

measurements of large cell recordings

24
Q

how can you determine connectivity between structures

A

observe effect of one stimulation on another brain region

25
Q

how can you measure circuit disruptions

A

cut connection in a brain structure
measure effect on structures
record behaviour and activity

26
Q

what do lesion structures show

A

show which structures are responsible for which functions

27
Q

where does an aspiration lesion occur

A

corticol tissue

28
Q

what is a knife cut lesion

A

sectioning process

29
Q

what is a reversible lesion

A

eliminates brain activity while tests conducted

30
Q

what are pharmological research methods

A

effect of drugs on thoughts/behaviour

31
Q

do all drugs have the same neurotransmission

A

different drugs have different points of neurotransmission

32
Q

when is pharmological mri used

A

both animals and humans

33
Q

name ways in which drugs change neurotransmission

A

1) some block reuptake - increase availability
2) mimic effects of neurotransmitter
3) some block receptor

34
Q

what are APP knockout mice

A

overproduction of amyloid

35
Q

name 2 genetic manipulations

A
  1. engineering

2. optogenetics

36
Q

define optogenetics

A

technique that uses specific brain cells sensitive to light

can be controlled

37
Q

what is the technique optogenetics used for

A

used in animals to observe accurate target of specific cells

38
Q

what is a retrograde tracer

A

tracing backwards to brain regions

39
Q

what method is used to decide between invasive and non invasive methods

A

cost and benefit analysis

trade off

PSY219 NEURO (14 decks)

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