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PSY219 NEURO > depression > Flashcards

depression Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of disorder is depression

A

affective disorder

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2
Q

name 4 types of symptoms of depression

A
  1. cognitive
  2. behavioral
  3. somatic (physical)
  4. affective (mood)
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3
Q

example of somatic symptom of depression

A

sleep difficulties

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4
Q

example of affecitve symptom of depression

A

depressed

worthless

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5
Q

what is reactive depression caused by

A

caused by negative experience

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6
Q

what is endogenous depression

A

no apparent negative lfie event

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7
Q

define bipolar

A

periods of mania occur

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8
Q

what is brown et al 1993 findings

A

depressed patients experience higher levels fo stress
84% depressed felt stress in previous year
32% of control group

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9
Q

what is the CR rate for depression in mz twins

A

60%

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10
Q

what is the CR rate for depression in dz twins

A

15%

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11
Q

What does the diathesis stress model show

A

people who have risk factor gene = higher chance of depression when exposed to stress

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12
Q

how were anti depressant drugs found

A

LUCK

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13
Q

what is an example of maoi

A

irproniazid

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14
Q

what do MAO inhibitors do

A

increase monoamine available by inhibiting monoamine oxidase in cytoplasm

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15
Q

what feelings do MAOI cause

A

feelings of calm

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16
Q

name the 2 tyoes of monoamine transmitters

A
  1. catecholamines

2. indolamines

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17
Q

name examples of catecholamines

A

dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline

18
Q

name example of idolamine

A

seretonin

19
Q

where do NT projections and NT occur

A

raphe nucleus

20
Q

where do noradrenaline projections occur

A

dorsal and ventral projections

21
Q

what is monoamine oxidase

A

enzyme that breaks down NT for monoamine

22
Q

what do MAO inhibitors do

A

STOP BREAKDOWN - more NT available in neuron

23
Q

what is tyramine normally broken down by

A

Monoamine oxidase in liver

24
Q

what does tyramine cause if not broken down

A

increase in blood pressure

25
Q

what are tricyclic antidepressants

A

chemical structure = 3 ringed chain

26
Q

exmaple of tricylic antidepressant

A

imipramine

27
Q

what do tricylic antidepressants do

A

block reuptake of seretonin and noradrenaline

28
Q

example of ssris

A

PROZAC/ fluoxetine

29
Q

what do ssris do

A

block reuptake = seretonin agonist

increase of NT in synapse

30
Q

how does ecstasy block reuptake?

A

reverse transporter - increase seretonin

31
Q

what is the effect of ecstasy on mood

A

increase of seretonin = elevate mood

32
Q

what is a mood stabiliser

A

drugs that act against depression

without inducing mania

33
Q

what does lithium treat

A

bipolar

34
Q

how does lithium treat bipolar

A

calming agent - interfer with secondary messenger system

35
Q

what is the monoamine theory of depression

A

depression caused by deficit of monoamine NT

36
Q

explain evidence of increased number of receptors in depressed PP

A

process of up regulation

increase of NT available

37
Q

what is the neuroplastic theory of depression

A

depression affects the neuroplastic chnages in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala

38
Q

what effect do antidepressants have on neuroplastic changes

A

accelerate the changes

39
Q

who is drug treatment for depression most effecttive for

A

severe depressed patients

40
Q

who is chronic brain stimulation used for

A

affective for PP who are not responsive to other treatments

41
Q

which areas of the brain are abnormal in patients with depression

A

hippocampus
amygdala
medial pre frontal cortex

PSY219 NEURO (14 decks)

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