Emotion and the Amygdala Flashcards
define emotion
strong feelings / mood in relation to one’s circumstances
state 6 basic emotions
joy sad anger fear disgust surprise
what does the facial feedback hypothesis suggest
putting a happy face on can make you feel better
explain the james and lange theory of emotion
autonomic activity and behaviour is triggered by the event - cause emotion
give an example of the theory of emotion according to james and lange
rapid heart rate and breathing produce feelings of emotion
give an example of autonomic activity
eg. changes in heart rate or breathing rate
what is cannon and bards theory of emotion
emotional expression and autonomic activity are parallel processes
what is the difference between james and lange vs. cannon and bard theory of emotion
james and lnage believe emotional expression is dependent on feedback from autonomic nervous system
cannon and bard - emotional expression is independent from feedback of autonomic nervous system
what is schachter theory of emotion
stimulus produces autonomic arousal which is then labelled as fear
define polography
interogation process using autonomic nervous system of emotion to detect truthfulness of PP
what sympathetic activity is asssociated with lying
lying is associated with higher sympathetic activation
state the distinctions of emotional of ANS between james-lange and cannon and bard theory of emotion
james-lange = different emotional stimuli have differet patterns of ANS activity
cannon bard - all emotional stimuli have same pattern of ANS activity
how is sham rage induced
removal of cerebral cortex
what area of the brain has been removed in decorticate cats
cortex has been removed
state characteristics of decorticate cats
- angry
- attack anything in sight
- behaviour is not targeted
which emotional expression is the hypothalamus essential for
expression of anger
sham rage wont occur if this brain region is removed
hypothalamus
why won’t sham rage occur if the hypothalamus is removed
the hypothalamus is essential to express anger, therefore connections to hypo are needed to elicit sham rage response
what is another name for the limbic system
circuit of papez
what key structures make up the limbic system
- hippocampus
- hypothalamus
- amygdala
what is another name for a voluntary smile
pap american smile
what controls voluntary smiles
zygomaticus major
what is another name for involuntary smiles
duchenne smile
what controls involuntary smiles
orbicularis oculi - contracts unconciously
what shape is the amygdala
almond shaped
where is the amygdala located
tucked in medial temporal lobe
which brain is removed to induce kluver bucy syndrome
amygdala
state some symptoms that occur in kluver bucy syndrome
- increased oral tendency
- visual agnosia
- reduced emotional reaction
- hypersexuality
- hyper metamorphisis
why do monkeys who have kluver bucy syndrome no longer fear snakes
reduced emotional reaction - fear no longer expressed to snakes
define hyper metamorphisis
can’t control impulses and react to everything in sight
how was fear conditioning induced in little albert
child conditioned that exposure to cuddly rabbit would cause fear
which brain structure is involved in fear conditioning
hippocampus
why won’t fear conditioning if you lesion the amygdala
responses from the amygdala won’t be elicited
from which brain regions does auditory information input to the amygdala
auditory cortex
auditory thalamus
which brain region elicits faster RT of auditory info to the amygdala and why
auditory thalamus has faster RT - older brain region and more evolutionary established
which brain region has a key role in fear conditioning
hippocampus and medial geniculate nucleus
what happens if you lesion medial geniculate nucleus
lesioning causes block of fear conditioning
which process allows conditioning to occur
LTP
which brain region did patient SP have removed
right amygdala
what was the result of patient SP brain damage
could not describe fearful situations or expressions
what was patient SP still able to do
no difficulty on tests of other emotions
which disorder is associated with a larger aygdala
autism
which disorder has lower volumes of activiation in amygdala
psychopaths
what is the knock on impact of damage to frontal lobes
harder to get rid of a fear conditioned response
explain why frontal lobe damage affects fear conditioning response
- damage to frontal lobes - innate response of amygdala is to elicit fear response
- unlearning process can’t occur
- the amygdala keeps projecting fear response
where does the unlearning of information occur
frontal higher cog brain functions
where would unlearning of information be projected
amygdala
where are projections from the medial cortex projected to
amygdala
what was the result of amygdala damage in humans
can’t recognise fear in a story
