drug addiction

Question 1

define addiction

Answer 1

state of psychic - drug interaction causes behaviour changes and physic effects

Question 2

what did peter hitch argue

Answer 2

addiction is an excuse for lack of moral behaviour

Question 3

state 2 possible explanations of how drugs can becoming addictive

Answer 3

1. hijack brain rewards system

2. cravings and withdrawal symptoms

Question 4

what does the term build up of tolerance mean

Answer 4

must take more of drug to produce same effect

Question 5

what effect does a build up of tolerance have

Answer 5

shift in dose response curve

Question 6

define cross tolerance

Answer 6

one drug can produce drug tolerance to other drugs

Question 7

define contingent drug tolerance

Answer 7

tolerance can develop to drug effects that are experienced

Question 8

give an example of the before and after design of contingent drug tolerance

Answer 8

before - drink and walk everyday
after - drink and watch tv
after condition not tolerant to alcohol side effects as been sat down - poor walking ability

Question 9

if rats have been administered with electrical stimuli and receive alcohol what happens?

Answer 9

rats who received alcohol before stimulation can be tolerant to alcohol anti-covnvulsant effect

Question 10

define conditioned drug tolerance

Answer 10

maximal tolerance effects seen in the ENVIRONMENT THE DRUG WAS TAKEN

Question 11

what effect does taking a drug in a new environment have?

Answer 11

herion tolerant rats more likely to die on overdose in new environment

Question 12

define withdrawal

Answer 12

conpensating neural changes from withdrawal symptoms

Question 13

state examples of physical drug dependence

Answer 13

nausea, vomiting

Question 14

define sensitisation

Answer 14

people can become sensitized to a certain drug

Question 15

what effect does repeat exposure of a drug do?

Answer 15

administer stronger doses of drug to produce same effect

Question 16

define functional tolerance

Answer 16

reduce reactivity of sites during drug action

Question 17

define metabolic tolerance

Answer 17

changes in body reduce amount of drug getting to site of action

Question 18

state 4 ways to administer drugs

Answer 18

1. ingestion
2. injection
3. inhalation
4. absorption through mucus membrane

Question 19

what is ingestion of drugs

Answer 19

oral route via digestive tract

Question 20

state 3 ways of injecting drugs

Answer 20

1. subcutaneously - skin
2. intramuscularly - large muscles
3. intravenously - veins

Question 21

how are drugs administered through inhalation

Answer 21

absorbed in lung capillaries

Question 22

how and which drugs are absorbed into mucus membrane

Answer 22

cocaine

noise mouth or rectum

Question 23

do all drugs have the same speed of effect

Answer 23

dependent on drug depends on speed of drug acting in body

Question 24

what is the genetic component of tobacco

Answer 24

56%

Question 25

what side effects does teratogen have

Answer 25

disturb foetus development

Question 26

what is smokers syndrome

Answer 26

respiratory disorder

Question 27

what is the genetic component of alcohol

Answer 27

50%

Question 28

what is fetal alcohol sydrome

Answer 28

excess alcoholism causes brain damage or retardation

Question 29

what does THC in marujina do

Answer 29

produce psychoactive effect

Question 30

what is the beneficial effects of thc

Answer 30

block seizures | decrease glucoma

Question 31

name 2 opiates

Answer 31

heroin and morphine

Question 32

what is opium

Answer 32

dried form of sap from seed pods

Question 33

what do cocaine sprees result in

Answer 33

cocaine psychosis

Question 34

what effect does heroin have on the blood brain barrier

Answer 34

increase penetration to blood brain barrier

Question 35

what effect does methadone have

Answer 35

use to worn people off heroin - aversive effects

Question 36

what is the nucleus accumbens and dopamine link to

Answer 36

reward and pleasure

Question 37

what is a reason for initial drug taking

Answer 37

novelty seeking

Question 38

what effect does naturalistic housing have on drug taking

Answer 38

naturalistic housing could decrease self administering drugs

Question 39

what context increases the chance of an overdose

Answer 39

novel environment / new context to administer drugs

Question 40

which 2 components are used to weigh up habitual drug taking

Answer 40

hedonic - liking | drug wanting

Question 41

name a major factor of relapse

Answer 41

stress

Question 42

what effect does cue exposure have on relapse

Answer 42

no cue - won't relapse | exposure to cues - increased chance of relapse

Question 43

what is the incentive sensitisation theory

Answer 43

anticipated pleasure and wanting is the basis for addiction

Question 44

what does repeated cocaine exposure facilitate

Answer 44

LTP production

Question 45

what effect do cocaine and amphetamine have on dopamine pathway

Answer 45

block reuptake - more dopamine available

Question 46

state 3 ways to investigate drug use

Answer 46

1. intracranial self stimulation 2. increase dopamine in mesocortolimbic pathway 3. dopamine agonist to increase self stimulation