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PSY219 NEURO > drug addiction > Flashcards

drug addiction Flashcards

1
Q

define addiction

A

state of psychic - drug interaction causes behaviour changes and physic effects

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2
Q

what did peter hitch argue

A

addiction is an excuse for lack of moral behaviour

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3
Q

state 2 possible explanations of how drugs can becoming addictive

A
  1. hijack brain rewards system

2. cravings and withdrawal symptoms

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4
Q

what does the term build up of tolerance mean

A

must take more of drug to produce same effect

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5
Q

what effect does a build up of tolerance have

A

shift in dose response curve

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6
Q

define cross tolerance

A

one drug can produce drug tolerance to other drugs

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7
Q

define contingent drug tolerance

A

tolerance can develop to drug effects that are experienced

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8
Q

give an example of the before and after design of contingent drug tolerance

A

before - drink and walk everyday
after - drink and watch tv
after condition not tolerant to alcohol side effects as been sat down - poor walking ability

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9
Q

if rats have been administered with electrical stimuli and receive alcohol what happens?

A

rats who received alcohol before stimulation can be tolerant to alcohol anti-covnvulsant effect

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10
Q

define conditioned drug tolerance

A

maximal tolerance effects seen in the ENVIRONMENT THE DRUG WAS TAKEN

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11
Q

what effect does taking a drug in a new environment have?

A

herion tolerant rats more likely to die on overdose in new environment

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12
Q

define withdrawal

A

conpensating neural changes from withdrawal symptoms

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13
Q

state examples of physical drug dependence

A

nausea, vomiting

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14
Q

define sensitisation

A

people can become sensitized to a certain drug

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15
Q

what effect does repeat exposure of a drug do?

A

administer stronger doses of drug to produce same effect

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16
Q

define functional tolerance

A

reduce reactivity of sites during drug action

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17
Q

define metabolic tolerance

A

changes in body reduce amount of drug getting to site of action

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18
Q

state 4 ways to administer drugs

A
  1. ingestion
  2. injection
  3. inhalation
  4. absorption through mucus membrane
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19
Q

what is ingestion of drugs

A

oral route via digestive tract

20
Q

state 3 ways of injecting drugs

A
  1. subcutaneously - skin
  2. intramuscularly - large muscles
  3. intravenously - veins
21
Q

how are drugs administered through inhalation

A

absorbed in lung capillaries

22
Q

how and which drugs are absorbed into mucus membrane

A

cocaine

noise mouth or rectum

23
Q

do all drugs have the same speed of effect

A

dependent on drug depends on speed of drug acting in body

24
Q

what is the genetic component of tobacco

A

56%

25
Q

what side effects does teratogen have

A

disturb foetus development

26
Q

what is smokers syndrome

A

respiratory disorder

27
Q

what is the genetic component of alcohol

A

50%

28
Q

what is fetal alcohol sydrome

A

excess alcoholism causes brain damage or retardation

29
Q

what does THC in marujina do

A

produce psychoactive effect

30
Q

what is the beneficial effects of thc

A

block seizures

decrease glucoma

31
Q

name 2 opiates

A

heroin and morphine

32
Q

what is opium

A

dried form of sap from seed pods

33
Q

what do cocaine sprees result in

A

cocaine psychosis

34
Q

what effect does heroin have on the blood brain barrier

A

increase penetration to blood brain barrier

35
Q

what effect does methadone have

A

use to worn people off heroin - aversive effects

36
Q

what is the nucleus accumbens and dopamine link to

A

reward and pleasure

37
Q

what is a reason for initial drug taking

A

novelty seeking

38
Q

what effect does naturalistic housing have on drug taking

A

naturalistic housing could decrease self administering drugs

39
Q

what context increases the chance of an overdose

A

novel environment / new context to administer drugs

40
Q

which 2 components are used to weigh up habitual drug taking

A

hedonic - liking

drug wanting

41
Q

name a major factor of relapse

A

stress

42
Q

what effect does cue exposure have on relapse

A

no cue - won’t relapse

exposure to cues - increased chance of relapse

43
Q

what is the incentive sensitisation theory

A

anticipated pleasure and wanting is the basis for addiction

44
Q

what does repeated cocaine exposure facilitate

A

LTP production

45
Q

what effect do cocaine and amphetamine have on dopamine pathway

A

block reuptake - more dopamine available

46
Q

state 3 ways to investigate drug use

A
  1. intracranial self stimulation
  2. increase dopamine in mesocortolimbic pathway
  3. dopamine agonist to increase self stimulation

PSY219 NEURO (14 decks)

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