drug addiction Flashcards
define addiction
state of psychic - drug interaction causes behaviour changes and physic effects
what did peter hitch argue
addiction is an excuse for lack of moral behaviour
state 2 possible explanations of how drugs can becoming addictive
- hijack brain rewards system
2. cravings and withdrawal symptoms
what does the term build up of tolerance mean
must take more of drug to produce same effect
what effect does a build up of tolerance have
shift in dose response curve
define cross tolerance
one drug can produce drug tolerance to other drugs
define contingent drug tolerance
tolerance can develop to drug effects that are experienced
give an example of the before and after design of contingent drug tolerance
before - drink and walk everyday
after - drink and watch tv
after condition not tolerant to alcohol side effects as been sat down - poor walking ability
if rats have been administered with electrical stimuli and receive alcohol what happens?
rats who received alcohol before stimulation can be tolerant to alcohol anti-covnvulsant effect
define conditioned drug tolerance
maximal tolerance effects seen in the ENVIRONMENT THE DRUG WAS TAKEN
what effect does taking a drug in a new environment have?
herion tolerant rats more likely to die on overdose in new environment
define withdrawal
conpensating neural changes from withdrawal symptoms
state examples of physical drug dependence
nausea, vomiting
define sensitisation
people can become sensitized to a certain drug
what effect does repeat exposure of a drug do?
administer stronger doses of drug to produce same effect
define functional tolerance
reduce reactivity of sites during drug action
define metabolic tolerance
changes in body reduce amount of drug getting to site of action
state 4 ways to administer drugs
- ingestion
- injection
- inhalation
- absorption through mucus membrane
what is ingestion of drugs
oral route via digestive tract
state 3 ways of injecting drugs
- subcutaneously - skin
- intramuscularly - large muscles
- intravenously - veins
how are drugs administered through inhalation
absorbed in lung capillaries
how and which drugs are absorbed into mucus membrane
cocaine
noise mouth or rectum
do all drugs have the same speed of effect
dependent on drug depends on speed of drug acting in body
what is the genetic component of tobacco
56%
what side effects does teratogen have
disturb foetus development
what is smokers syndrome
respiratory disorder
what is the genetic component of alcohol
50%
what is fetal alcohol sydrome
excess alcoholism causes brain damage or retardation
what does THC in marujina do
produce psychoactive effect
what is the beneficial effects of thc
block seizures
decrease glucoma
name 2 opiates
heroin and morphine
what is opium
dried form of sap from seed pods
what do cocaine sprees result in
cocaine psychosis
what effect does heroin have on the blood brain barrier
increase penetration to blood brain barrier
what effect does methadone have
use to worn people off heroin - aversive effects
what is the nucleus accumbens and dopamine link to
reward and pleasure
what is a reason for initial drug taking
novelty seeking
what effect does naturalistic housing have on drug taking
naturalistic housing could decrease self administering drugs
what context increases the chance of an overdose
novel environment / new context to administer drugs
which 2 components are used to weigh up habitual drug taking
hedonic - liking
drug wanting
name a major factor of relapse
stress
what effect does cue exposure have on relapse
no cue - won’t relapse
exposure to cues - increased chance of relapse
what is the incentive sensitisation theory
anticipated pleasure and wanting is the basis for addiction
what does repeated cocaine exposure facilitate
LTP production
what effect do cocaine and amphetamine have on dopamine pathway
block reuptake - more dopamine available
state 3 ways to investigate drug use
- intracranial self stimulation
- increase dopamine in mesocortolimbic pathway
- dopamine agonist to increase self stimulation
