neuro intro Flashcards
what is a neuron
electrically charged
define membrane potential
difference in electrical charge between inside and outside of neuron
what is an ion
salts of positive and negative charge
what is the resting potential for a neuron
-70mV
how permeable is a neuron membrane
semi permeable
where is potassium located
inside the cell
which ions ate located outside the cell
chlorine and sodium
where are proteins located and why
inside the cell - too large
what is a lipid bilayer not permeable to
ions
how do ions travel though the bilayer
ion channels
which 2 forces determine the distribution of ions
diffusion and electrostatic pressure
what is the technical name for a cell membrane
neurolemma
how many ions enter and leave a sodium pump and what chemical is needed
3 sodium for 2 potassium
atp needed
name the 2 types of receptor
ionotrophic and metabotrophic
what is epsp and what occurs
excitory post synaptic potential
depolarisation
increase chance of firing
what is ipsp and what occurs
inhibitory post synaptic potential
hyperpolarisation
decrease chance of firing
which ions move freely across the membrane
potassium and chlroine
when is an action potential generated
changes large enough - would be positive occur at the axon hillock
define spatial summation
several epsp arrive at axon hillock together
define temporal summation
epsp created at same synapse in rapid succession to be summed
what is the action potential refractory period
no neuron firing and no secondary ap would occur
which are fast NT
glutamate
gaba
acetycholine
what does myelin do
speed up axonal conduction
how does the myelin signal move down the axon
jumps between nodes of ranvier
what is saltory conduction
action potential in myelinated axons
what are neuromodulators
seretonin
dopamine
noradrenaline
what are neuropeptides
short amino acids
name the 5 stages of synaptic transmission
manufacture storage release receptor activation inactivation and reuptake
define exocytosis
process of neurotransmitters being released
when do sodium channels open
depolarisation of neuron
when do potassium channels open
repolarisation of neuron
define orthodromic conduction
conduction from cell body to terminal buttons
define antridromic conduction
conduction from axon to cell body
define axodendritic synapse
terminate on dendrite spines
define axosomatic synapse
terminate at axon terminal of soma
