anatomy of the nervous system Flashcards
which components make up of CNS
skull and spinal cord
which components make up the PNS
Outside the skull and spine
define neuoanatomy
structures of the brain
state 2 divisions of the PNS and their functions
- somatic - interact with external environment
2. autonomic - regulate internal environment
what is the function of afferent and efferent nerves in the somatic system
afferent - signla from skin to CNS
efferent - signal from CNS to muscles
how many cranial nerves in the spinal cord
12
what is the function of cerebrospinal fluid
protection
what is the function of the dorsal root
afferent nerves signals of sensory information
what is the function of the ventral root
efferent nerves signals of motor information
what is the function of afferent and efferent nerves in the autonomic nervous system
afferent - sensory signals from organs - cns
efferent - motor signals from CNS to organs
what does evolution help us to explain in regards to neuroanatomy
changes in brain size and brain proprotions
what is the function of the limbic system
motivated behaviour eg. feeding/ fighting
what is the role of the nucleus accumbens
rewarding effects of addictive behaviours
which components of the basal ganglia form the striatum
caudate and putamen
state the 2 brain regions in the forebrain
- diencephalon
2. telencephalon
state the brain regions that compose the diencephalon
- hypothalamus
2. thalamus
what is the function of the thalamus
relay structure from basal ganglia and cerebellum to the cortex
what is the function of specific and non specific nuceli in the thalamus
specific nuclei- signal from cortex to all sensations
non specific nuclei- regulate sleep and arousal
what is the function of the hypothalamus
regulate hormone release and regulated motivated behaviours
which brain region makes up the telecephalon
cerebral cortex
what is the role of convulations
increase amount of space in the cerebral cortex
what is the techical name of large and small furrows
large furrows - fissures
small furrows - gyri
which 4 lobes is the central and lateral fissure divided into
temporal, occipital, parietal and frontal lobes
what are the function of the 4 lobes
frontal - motor function
parietal - process visual and sensory info
temporal - hearing and language
occipital - visual input to guide behaviour
which brain region makes up the midbrain
mesencephalon
what 2 divisions make up the mesencephalon
tectum and tegmentum
which 3 colourful structures make up the tegmentum
red nucleus
substantia nigra
periaqueductal gray (grey matter)
what is the function of the periaqueductal gray
role in defensive behaviour
what is the role of the red nucleus
projections of motor control to spinal cord
which brain region is the substantia nigra part of
basal ganglia
which 2 components make up the tectum
superior and inferior colliculus
what is the function of the tectum
visual and auditory frequency maps
what are the characteristics of the superior colliculus
posterior bumps
sensitive to changes to motor or vision
what are the characteristics of the inferior colliculus
anterior bumps
sensitive to changes in auditory info
which brain regions make up the hind brain
metencephalon and myelencephalon
which brain region is linked with the metencephalon
pons and cerebellum
what is the role of the pons
relay info from cortex to cerebellum
what is the role of the cerebellum
control of movement and process of motor learning
which brain region is linked with the myelencephalon
medulla
what is the function of the medulla
autonomic and sensorimotor control
sleep and motor movements
what is the medulla composed of
tracts carrying signals to rest of body
what is the largest part of the brain
cerebral cortex
which systems generate the defense output
motor, autonomic and endocrine systems
what is the impact of increasing detecting complex behaviour
requires increased complex processing and more complex neural systems
what is the advanatage of preserving brain architecture
promote survival
