Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 1

what are the growth characteristics of S. pneumo?

Answer 1

not fastidious
aerotolerant anerobe
catalase negative

Question 2

What are the virulence factors of S. pneumo?

Answer 2

Capsular polysaccharide

Pneumolysin

Question 3

What type of pneumoniae is S. pneumo the major bacterial cause of?

Answer 3

CAP

d/t aspiration by the pt

Question 4

how is S. pneumo trasmitted?

Answer 4

via respiratory droplets

Question 5

what is the POE of S. pneumo?

Answer 5

RT

Question 6

what age is the highest incidence of S. pneumo found?

Answer 6

children <5 yo

elderly

Question 7

what is the seasonality of S. pneumo?

Answer 7

winter, d/t:

antecedent viral infx
risk of exposure d/t crowding

Question 8

What are key predisposing factors that separate S. pneumo from other acute bacterial agents?

Answer 8

sickle cell disease

innate/acquired immune defect

Question 9

how many serotypes account for >90% of infx?

Answer 9

23

Question 10

what is the pathogenesis of S. pneumo?

Answer 10

consolidation pneumonia

Question 11

what will CXR of S. pneumo infx show?

Answer 11

patchy infiltrates more common than consolidation

Question 12

clinical buzz words for S. pneumo

Answer 12

• rusty sputum

- single bout of teeth chattering chills

Question 13

Does S. pneumo produce abscesses?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

does S. pneumo cause necrotizing pneumonia?

Answer 14

usually not

Question 15

What is the main complication of S. pneumo?

Answer 15

bacteremia (occurs in 1/3 cases)

Question 16

what is invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD)?

Answer 16

agent is found in normally sterile site (i.e. blood)

Question 17

what epidemiological group is IPD usually found in?

Answer 17

children with chronic diseases

Question 18

how is S. pneumo differentiated from a-hemolytic NMF from oropharynx?

Answer 18

optochin sensitivity

MOPS: S. pneumo are most OPtochin Sensitive

Question 19

what is the normal treatment for S. pneumo infection?

Answer 19

penicillin

Question 20

what causes penicillin resistance in DRSP?

Answer 20

mutations in PBP

Question 21

what epidemiological group is most likely to carry antibiotic resistant strains of S. pneumo?

Answer 21

young children more than adults

-resistant serotypes usually cause pediatric infx

Question 22

how can S. pneumo infx be prevented?

Answer 22

Pneumovax/Pnu-immune

Question 23

what is the valency of the S. pneumo vaccine?

Answer 23

23 valent

Question 24

who should the S. pneumo vaccine be given to?

Answer 24

pts >65 yo
pts 2-65 yo with chronic disease
immunocompromised pts

Question 25

what type of vaccine is S. pneumo vaccine?

Answer 25

type II T-independent

-no memory cells or Ig class switch

Question 26

what is the valency of the IPD vaccines?

Answer 26

7 and 13 valent

Question 27

what age group should be given the IPD vaccine?

Answer 27

children <5 yo

Question 28

for what diseases is S. pneumo the most common cause of?

Answer 28

MOPS mnemonic

Meningitis
Otitis media
Pneumonia
Sinusitis