comparison of systemic mycoses Flashcards
which agents are thermally dimorphic?
H. capsulatum
B. dermatitidis
C. immitis
C. posadasii
which agents produce microconidia?
H. capsulatum
B. dermatitidis
which agents produce arthrospores?
C. immitis
C. posadasii
how are the agents trasmitted?
inhalation of aerosolized microconidia or arthrospores
which agents convert to a yeast form once in the RT?
H. capsulatum
B dermatitidis
which agents convert to a spherule and endospore form once in the RT?
C. immitis
C. posadasii
what is the POE of systemic mycoses?
RT
what is the primary target site for systemic mycoses?
LRT
how does pulmonary infection occur in systemic mycoses?
inhalation of aerosolized microconidia or arthrospores
are systemic mycoses transmitted person-to-person?
no, parasitic cell forms in respiratory droplets are not infectious
what is the normal habitat for systemic mycoses agents?
soil
what agent/disease is found in guano enriched soils of the Ohio-Mississippi River valley?
H. capsulatum (histoplasmosis)
what agent/disease is found in soils enriched with any form of organic matter near lakes, rivers of the Missouri, Arkansas River, St. Lawrence River basins?
B. dermatitidis (blasomycosis)
what agent/disease is found in desert areas of the American SW, Central and South America?
C. immitis and C. posadasii
Desert Rheumatism
(Valley Fever)
(San Joaquin Valley Fever)
(Coccidioidomycosis)
which Coccidioides species is associated with the San Joaquin Valley of the US?
C. immitis
what type of patients are at increased risk of systemic mycoses?
severely immunocompromised patients
- hematological malignancies
- solid organ transplants on immunosuppression therapy
- late stage AIDS/HIV
which SM agents are more likely to manifest as an asymptomatic infx?
Histoplasmosis
Coccidioidomycosis
which SM agent is capable of growing intracellularly within macrophages and subsequently disseminated in non-activated macrophages?
H. capsulatum
what is required for localization and control of SM infection?
CD4 T cells
what is the incubation period for all 4 SM agents?
1-3 weeks
which SM disease targets liver, spleen, and adrenals?
histoplasmosis
which SM disease targets skin and soft tissue, bone (osteolytic), and GU tract?
blastomycosis
which SM disease targets skin and soft tissue (rashes, etc), bones (osteolytic), skeletal pain, discomfort, joint/synovium, and CNS (meningitis)?
coccidioidomycosis
key SM clinical buzz words?
anemia
lymphadenopathey
hepatosplenomegaly
skin/colonic ulcers
what special stain is used to identify SM fungal agents?
KOH-treated tissue samples stained with appropriate fungal stains
how long does SM fungal culture take?
1-4 weeks
which agents are a biohazard to lab workers?
C. immitis
C. posadasii
what lab test is used to identify SM fungal agents?
DNA probes
antigen tests
for which agents is serology an important diagnosis?
histoplasmosis
blastomycosis
coccidioidomycosis
What DTH skin test is used for epidemiological studies on histoplasmosis?
histoplasmin
what DTH skin test is used for diagnosis/prognosis of coccidioidomycosis?
spherulin
what does SM fungal CXR show?
basically same as MTB
what is the treatment for all SM fungal infx?
amphotericin B lipid formulations
