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Bacte Quizes > Strep And Entero > Flashcards

Strep And Entero Flashcards

1
Q

belong to the family Streptococcaceae

A

Streptococcus spp. and enterococcus spp.

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2
Q

Inhabit various sites, notably the upper respiratory tract, and live harmlessly as commensals.

A

Streptococcus and enterococcus

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3
Q

Both of the genera are catalase-negative (weak reaction), gram-positive cocci that are usually arranged in pairs (agar) or chains (broth)

A

Streptococcus and enterococcus

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4
Q

The cells of Enterococci and some Streptococci appear more

A

Elongated than spherical

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5
Q

Strepto and entero are Poor growth on Nutrient Media such as

A

Trypticase soy agar

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6
Q

Production of numerous exotoxins that can damage RBC under the

A

Smith and brown classification

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7
Q

The Lancefield Grouping was developed in 1930s by

A

Rebecca lancefield

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8
Q

Produces a zone of partial hemolysis with a greenish discoloration around the colonies on blood agar

A

Alpha-hemolytic (α) Streptococci

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9
Q

Streptococci producing α-hemolysis are also known as

A

Viridans streptococci

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10
Q

Produces a complete hemolysis and Sharply defined, clear, colorless zone of hemolysis around the colony induced by bacterial hemolysins

A

Beta (ß) Hemolytic Streptococci

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11
Q

No red blood cell is visible on microscopic examination in clear zone of complete hemolysis.

A

Beta hemolytic streptococci

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12
Q

constitutes the principal marker for potentially pathogenic streptococci in cultures of throat swabs or other clinical samples

A

Beta hemolytic streptococci

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13
Q

Produce no hemolysis on blood agar.

A

Gamma (γ) or Non-hemolytic Streptococci

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14
Q

What is an important organism of this group gamma or non hemolytic streptococci

A

Enterococcus faecalis

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15
Q

What is alpha color around colonies

A

Green

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16
Q

What is the members or organism of alpha

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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17
Q

What is the color around the colonies of beta

A

Clear

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18
Q

What is the member or organism of beta

A

Streptococcus equisimilis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus Agalactiae
Enterococcus faecalis

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19
Q

What organisms or members are not true pathogen

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae
Enterococcus faecalis

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20
Q

What are most commonly found in lancefield grouping associated with human infections.

A

Group a, b, c, d, and g

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21
Q

What organisms are in group A

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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22
Q

What organisms is in group B

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

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23
Q

What organism is in group C

A

Streptococcus equisimilis
Streptococcus equi
Streptococcus dysogalactiae
Streptococcus zoopidimidus

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24
Q

What organism is in group D (enterococci)

A

Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus avium
Enterococcus durans

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25
Q

What organism is in group D (non-enterococci)

A

Streptococcus bovis
Streptococcus equinus

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26
Q

part of cell wall; antiphagocytic

A

M protein

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27
Q

principal virulence factor of Group B Streptococci; antiphagocytic or prevents oxidized phagocytosis by neutrophils/macrophages

A

Capsule

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28
Q

hemolytic exotoxins

A

Hemolysin

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29
Q

hemolytic exotoxins

A

Hemolysin

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30
Q

highly immunogenic; measured using ASO (antistreptolysin O) test; responsible for hemolysis on SBA plates that are incubated anaerobically that is active in reduced form

A

Streptolysin O (oxygen labile)

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31
Q

hemolysis seen in cultures that have been incubated aerobically; non-immunogenic

A

Streptolysin S (oxygen stable)

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32
Q

What toxin causes Scarlet Fever

A

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin/ erythrogenic toxin

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33
Q

is a red spreading rash

A

Scarlet fever

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34
Q

What toxin causes Acute Glomerulonephritis

A

Nephrogenic toxin

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35
Q

4 Immunologically distinct exotoxins:

A

SpeA
SpeB
SpeC
SpeF

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36
Q

spreading factors localized in the skin and important virulence factor for pathogenesis of invasive diseases

A

Streptokinase

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37
Q

spreading factors localized in the skin and enzyme that solubilizes the ground substance of mammalian connective tissues (hyaluronic acid) to separate tissue and spread infection (unsupported hypothesis)

A

Hyaluronidase

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38
Q

spreading factors localized in the skin; S. pyogenes DNases: A, B (most common), C, D

A

DNAse

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39
Q

antigenic; antibodies to DNAse can be detected after infection

A

DNAse

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40
Q

adhesion molecules that mediate attachment to host’s epithelial cells

A

Lipoteichoic Acid and Protein F

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41
Q

affects proteins on bacterial surface (along with M proteins & fibronectin binding proteins) secures attachement to oral mucosal cells

A

Lipoteichoic Acid

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42
Q

produced by S. agalactiae (group B)

A

CAMP Factor

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43
Q

diffusible, heat stable protein; enhances the beta-hemolysis of S. aureus

A

CAMP factor

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44
Q

generates a co-hemolytic reaction for identifying S. agalactiae in the lab

A

CAMP factor

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45
Q

In Gram Stain morphology

A

Gram-positive cocci in pairs or chains

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46
Q

Cultural Characteristics

A

Pinpoint colonies

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47
Q

Cultural Characteristics of streptococcus pyogenes

A

small, transparent and smooth; beta-hemolytic

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48
Q

Cultural characteristics of streptococcus agalactiae

A

grayish white mucoid colonies; beta-hemolytic (small zone)

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49
Q

determines if gram + cocci is staphylococci or streptococci

A

Catalase test

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50
Q

Presumptive identification of S. pyogenes

A

Bacitracin susceptibility test / taxo A

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51
Q

Differentiates Group A Streptococci from other Streptococci

A

Bacitracin susceptibility test/ taxo A

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52
Q

What gives positive results in bacitracin susceptibility test/ taxo A

A

Group a streptococcus

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53
Q

What gives negative result in bacitracin susceptibility test / taxo A

A

Other beta hemolytic streptococci spp.

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54
Q

Test for Group B Streptococci (S. agalactiae from other streptococcus spp.)

A

Christie-atkinson-munch-peterson test

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55
Q

What is known organism in christie-atkinson-munch-peterson

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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56
Q

Unknown organism in christie-atkinson-munch-peterson (Beta-hemolytic, catalase negative, pinpoint and bacitracin resistant)

A

Group B streptococci
Streptococcus agalactiae

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57
Q

What positive result and organism in christie-atkinson-munch-peterson

A

Arrow head hemolysis (group B streptococci)
Bowtie appearance (streptococcus agalactiae)

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58
Q

Organisms including Group B streptococci produce a diffusible extracellular hemolytic heat stable protein called

A

CAMP factor

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59
Q

Test for identifying Group A and Group D Streptococci; differentiates enterococcus spp. (PYR +) from Group D Strep

A

PYR hydrolysis test

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60
Q

What is the positive result of PYR hydrolysis test

A

Cherry red/pink

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61
Q

What is the enzymes of PYR hydrolysis test

A

pyrroglutamylamino peptidase or pyrrolidomylaryl amidase

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62
Q

What is the substrate of PYR hydrolysis test

A

L-pyrrolidonyl-beta-napthylamide

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63
Q

What is the reagent of PYR hydrolysis test

A

p-dimethyl-aminocinnamaldehyde

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64
Q

What organisms is the only PYR + strep and is susceptible to bacitracin and hydrolyzes PYR.

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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65
Q

Differentiate Group D from Beta-hemolytic

A

Bile esculin test

66
Q

What is the enzymes of bile esculin test

A

Esculinase

67
Q

What is the positive result and organism of bile esculin test

A

Blackening of medium (group D)

68
Q

Test for Group B Streptococci

A

Hippurate test

69
Q

Test for Group B Streptococci

A

Hippurate test

70
Q

Medium used in hippurate test

A

Broth with hippurate

71
Q

Reagent indicator for hippurate test

A

Ninhydrin

72
Q

What is the positive result and organism in hippurate test

A

Purple (streptococcus agalactiae)

73
Q

What enzyme can be seen in hippurate test

A

Hippuricase

74
Q

Further test from Bile Esculin Test

A

Salt Tolerance Test (6.5% NaCl)

75
Q

Test used To identify Enterococci

A

Salt tolerance test (6.5% NaCl)

76
Q

What is the positive result and organism in salt tolerance test

A

Turbid (enterococci)

77
Q

What is the negative result and organism in salt tolerance test

A

Clear/transparent (non-enterococci)

78
Q

Used for presumptive identification of Enterococcal group D

A

Salt tolerance test (6.5% NaCl)

79
Q

What is the substrate of Leucine Aminopeptidase Test

A

Leucine-βeta -naphthylamide/ βeta-naphthylamine

80
Q

What reagent used for leucine aminopeptidase test

A

paradimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent

81
Q

What reagent used for leucine aminopeptidase test

A

paradimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent

82
Q

What is the positive result and organism in leucine aminopeptidase test

A

Red color (viridans streptococci)

83
Q

is used with bacitracin as presumptive identification test for B-hemolytic streptococci on Blood agars.

A

Sulfametoxazole susceptibility Test

84
Q

What is resistant in sulfametoxazole susceptibility test

A

Group A&B in mixed culture

85
Q

What is susceptible in sulfametoxazole susceptibility test

A

Other streptococcus spp. in mixed culture

86
Q

Used when facilities for serologic group determination are unavailable.

A

Sulfametoxazole susceptibility test

87
Q

Detect carbohydrate component of the cell wall of Streptococci

A

Serological test

88
Q

What is the name of the test used in serological test

A

Streptex

89
Q

What is the principle of serological test

A

Antigen (from colonies) and antibody (from reagent)

90
Q

What is the positive result and organism of serological test

A

Agglutination/clumping (group A streptococci)

91
Q

What is the negative result and organism of serological test

A

No clumping (streptococcus agalactiae)

92
Q

Group A streptococci under Lancefield clinical test

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

93
Q

CLINICAL INFECTIONS OF S. PYOGENES

A

Gas (Group A streptococci) infection

94
Q

“Strep throat” – most often seen in children between 5 and 15 years of age

A

Bacterial Pharyngitis

95
Q

How do bacterial pharyngitis spread

A

Droplet and close contact

96
Q

How many day of incubation period of bacterial pharyngitis

A

1-4 days

97
Q

Sign and symptoms of bacterial pharyngitis

A

Sore throat
Malasie
Fever
Headache
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Tonsils and pharynx are inflamed
Swollen and tender cervical lymph nodes

98
Q

a localized skin disease, begins as small vesicles that progress to weeping lesions; inoculation of organisms through minor abrasions or insect bites

A

Impetigo

99
Q

followed by deeper invasion of streptococci; life-threatening; with bacteremia or sepsis.
- Patients with peripheral vascular disease or diabetes – leads to gangrene

A

Cellulitis

100
Q

is a rare infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues observed frequently in elderly patients

Lesion characteristics: acute spreading, intensely erythematous with plainly demarcated but irregular edge

A

Erysipelas

101
Q

is a rare infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues observed frequently in elderly patients

Lesion characteristics: acute spreading, intensely erythematous with plainly demarcated but irregular edge

A

Erysipelas

102
Q

caused by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin

A

Scarlet fever

103
Q

Diffuse red rash on upper chest and spreads to the trunk and extremities

A

Scarlet fever

104
Q

Flesh-eating disease or syndrome”, “Suppurative fasciitis”, “Hospital gangrene”, “Necrotizing erysipelas” Life-threatening if early intervention is not done

A

Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF)

105
Q

An uncommon invasive infection characterized by rapidly progressing inflammation and necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous fat, and fascia

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

106
Q

A condition in which the entire organ system collapses, leading to death; reported since 1980s

A

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

107
Q

Two serious complications or sequelae of GAS disease: postreptococcal sequelae

A

Rheumatic Fever
Acute Glomerulonephritis

108
Q

Characterized: fever and inflammation of the heart, joints, blood vessels and subcutaneous tissues

Most serious result: chronic, progressive damage to the heart valves

A

Rheumatic Fever

109
Q

Follows after cutaneous or pharyngeal infection
More common in children than in adults

A

Acute Glomerulonephritis

110
Q

What is the drug treatment for gas

A

Penicillin

111
Q

If the patient that has GAS is allergic to penicillin what drug treatment should used

A

Erythromycin

112
Q

Significant cause of invasive disease in newborn; Most infections of infants occur in the first 3 days after birth, usually within 24 hours (identified in 1970s)

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

113
Q

Two clinical syndromes are associated with neonatal GBS disease: streptococcus agalactiae

A

early-onset infection and late-onset infection

114
Q

pneumonia and sepsis; <7 days old; accounts for ~80% of newborn clinical cases; mostly due to vertical transmission from mother (in vagina or rectal area)

A

Early-onset infection

115
Q

meningitis and sepsis; at least 7 days old to about 3 months old; Commonly associated with obstetric complications, prolonged rupture of membranes, and premature birth

A

Late-onset infection

116
Q

Drug of choice for treatment for late onset infection

A

Penicillin

117
Q

Some clinicians recommend a combination for GBS infection

A

Ampicillin and aminoglycoside

118
Q

S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (animal pathogen; glumerolonephritis and dramatic fever)

A

Group C and G streptococci

119
Q

Classified with the pyogenic streptococci; Beta-hemolytic isolates – belong to the subspecies S. dysagalactiae subsp. equisimilis (also exhibited group A and L antigens); common in domestic animals

A

Large-colony forming isolate

120
Q

Beta-hemolytic isolates – belong to the S. anginosus group (Under viridans streptococci group)

A

Small-colony forming isolate

121
Q

isolated from variety of infections

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae/pneumococcus/diplococcus

122
Q

Most frequently isolate in children younger than 3 years old with recurrent otitis media

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

123
Q

In gram stain morphology streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Gram-positive cocci in pairs (diplococci)

124
Q

common procedure to identify S. pnemoniae from viridans streptococci

A

Optochin Susceptibility Test

125
Q

Chemical composed of ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride

A

Optochin test/ taxo P

126
Q

What is susceptible in optochin test/taxo p

A

Pneumococci

127
Q

What is resistant in optochin test/taxo p

A

Viridans streptococci

128
Q

Determines the lysis of S. pneumoniae in the presence of bile salts

A

Bile solubility test

129
Q

Test used only for streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Bile solubility test

130
Q

is used only if organism is alpha-hemolytic.

A

Optochin test and bile test

131
Q

Test used Only S. pneumoniae can ferment inulin (carbohydrate)

A

Inulin fermentation

132
Q

What is the indication of inulin fermentation

A

Phenol red

133
Q

What is the positive result and organism of inulin fermentation

A

Yellow (streptococcus pneumoniae)

134
Q

What is negative result and organism of inulin fermentation

A

Red/pink (viridans group)

135
Q

Biochemical reaction where antibodies bind to the capsule of S. pneumonia which allows visualization of bacteria under microscope

A

Capsular Swelling Reaction or Nueffeld Quellung Reaction

136
Q

Biochemical reaction where antibodies bind to the capsule of S. pneumonia which allows visualization of bacteria under microscope

A

Capsular Swelling Reaction or Nueffeld Quellung Reaction

137
Q

What is the positive result and organism of Capsular Swelling Reaction or Nueffeld Quellung Reaction

A

Obvious cell wall or capsule (streptococcus pneumoniae)

138
Q

What is the negative result and organism of capsule swelling reaction

A

No capsule ( all other alpha hemolytic streptococci)

139
Q

identified strains of S. pneumoniae which is virulent and non-virulent when injected into mice

A

Mouse virulence test

140
Q

Who is involves in mouse virulence test

A

Fred neufeld

141
Q

Positive result of mouse virulence test

A

Death of test animal

142
Q

Test for previous infection of S. pneumoniae

A

Francis Skin Test

143
Q

Erythrogenic test; Patient must not have rashes; 2-3 days

A

Francis skin test

144
Q

Positive result of francis skin test

A

Wheale formation in skin

145
Q

Drug of choice for s. Pneumoniae

A

Penicillin

146
Q

Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract, female genital tract and gastrointestinal tract

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

147
Q

means “green”; referring to the alpha-hemolysis ability of many species

A

Viridans

148
Q

Are opportunistic pathogens but can, cause disease in compromised defenses.

A

Viridans streptococci

149
Q

The most common cause of viridans streptococci

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

150
Q

normal flora of oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract; Associated with abscess formation in the oropharynx, brain and peritoneal cavity

A

Streptococcus anginosus group

151
Q

normal flora of oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and female genital tract; also transient normal flora of the skin; Most common isolates associated with bacterial endocarditis in native valves and less frequently, in prosthetic valve infections

A

Streptococcus mitis group

152
Q

most commonly isolated among the viridans streptococci; Usually isolated from the oral cavity

A

Streptococcus mutan

153
Q

primary contributor to dental caries; Most common member of the mutans group associated with bacteremia

A

Streptococcus mutan

154
Q

Frequent cause of nosocomial infection – UTI (most common) followed by bacteremia; Prolonged hospitalization is a risk factor for acquiring enterococcal bacteremia

A

Enterococci

155
Q

receiving hemodialysis, immunocompromised patients with a serious underlying disease, prior surgical procedure

A

Bacteremia

156
Q

elderly patients with prosthetic valves or valvular heart disease. Accounts for ~10% of bacterial endocarditis.

A

Endocarditis

157
Q

SPECIES: S. pyogenes
Hemolysis:
Group of antigen:
Common name:
Disease:

A

Beta
A
Group a streptococci
Scarlet fever and pharyngitis

158
Q

SPECIES: S. Agalactiae
Hemolysis:
Group of antigen:
Common name:
Disease:

A

Beta
C
Group C streptococci
Pharyngitis and pyogenic infection

159
Q

SPECIES: S. Faecalis
Hemolysis:
Group of antigen:
Common name:
Disease:

A

Beta
D
Group D streptococci
wound infection and bacteremia

160
Q

SPECIES: S. Bovis and S. Equinus
Hemolysis:
Group of antigen:
Common name:
Disease:

A

Alpha/gamma
D
Non-Enterococci
Wound infection and endocarditis

161
Q

SPECIES: S. Pneumoniae
Hemolysis:
Group of antigen:
Common name:
Disease:

A

Alpha
None
Pneumonococcus/diplococcus
Meningitis and bacteremia

162
Q

SPECIES: viridans
Hemolysis:
Group of antigen:
Common name:
Disease:

A

Alpha/gamma
None
Viridans streptococci
Endocarditis

Bacte Quizes (16 decks)

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