Enterobactria Flashcards
Lactose Fermenter of enterobacteriacaea
Escherichia coli (colon bacillus:most common)
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Serratia
Citrobacter
Non lactose fermenter
Proteus
Moraanella
Providencia
Harnia
Edwardsiella
salmonela
Shigella (except S. sonnei - “Late” LF)
Yersinia
True pathogens
Plesiomonas
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia spp.
The most significant species in the genus Escherichia
Escherchia coli (colon bacillus)
Associated with UTIs, diarrheal disease and Central Nervous System infections
Escherchia coli
Strain of E. coli that is considered as the most common cause of UTIs in humans
Uropathogenic escherchia coli
primary virulence factor associated with the ability of E. coli to cause UTIs
Pili
Associated with diarrhea of adults and esneciallv children in tropical and subtropical climates
Enterotoxigenic Escherchia coli
It is the most common cause of diarrheal disease
Enterotoxigenic Escherchia coli (traveler’s diarrhea)
Colonization of ETEC on the small intestine is mediated by
Fimbriae
Causes “Infantile Diarrhea”
Enteropathogenic e. Coli
Produce dysentery with direct penetration, invasion, and destruction of the intestinal mucosa
Enteroinvasive e. Coli
Characterized by low-grade fever, malaise, vomiting and diarrhea
Enteropathogenic e. Coli
characterizea by rever, severe abaominal cramps.
malaise and watery diarrhea
Enteroinvasive e. Coli
Associated with hemorrhagic diarrhea and HUS
(Hemolytic uremic syndrome)
Enterohemorrhagic e. Coli
(Shiga-like toxins)
Enterohemorrhagic e. Coli
characterizes by low platelet count, hemolytic
anemia and kidney failure
Hus
Non-sorbitol fermenter
E. coli 0157:H7 (colorless)
Associated with two kinds of human disease: diarrheal syndrome and uti
Enteroadherent e. Coli
virulence factor associated with neonatal meningeal infection
K1 capsular antigen
One of the most common cause of septicemia and meningitis in neonates
E. coli
Yellow-pigmented organism, isolatea from car, wounds and blood; Foodstuffs such as raw milk and beei
E. hermannii
yellow-pigment colonies (more iran nalt or strains): isolated from humans with infected wounds
E. vulneris
associated with diarrneal disease in children
E. albertii
Found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals or free-living in soil, water, and on plants
Klebsiella
Associated with various opportunistic and hospital-
acquirea inrections, particulariy pneumonia,
inrections, and Uti
Klebsiella
Causes communitv - acquired pneumonia = cough up “currant-jelly like” sputum
K. pneumoniae (Friedlander’s bacillus)
Most commonlv isolated species klebsiella
K. Pneumoniae (friedlander’s bacillus)
Identical to K. pneumoniae except for its production of
indole, and there are reports of ornithine-positive isolated as well
K. Oxytoca
- Produces infections similar to those caused by K.
pheumoniae
• Linked to antimicrobial-associated hemorrhaqic
colitis
K. Oxytoca
Isolated from nasal secretions and cerebral abscesses
K. Pneumoniae subsp. Ozaenae
Tissue destructive and foul smelling
astrophic rhinitis
• Causes rhinoscleroma
K. pneumoniae subsp. Rhicoscleromatis
- a rare chronic infection of
the nasal cavity that manifests as an intense swelling
and malformation of the entire face and neck
rhinoscleroma
Nationwide outbreaks of septicemia resulting from contaminated IV fluids
Pantoea (enterobacter) agglomerans
found in respiratory samples and is rarely isolated from blood culture
Enterobacter Gergoviae
often coming from and multiplying in powdered infant
formula; can cause meningitis or bacteremia (yellow pigment)
cronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii
isolated from human sources such as blood, wounds, and sputum
Enterobacter hormaechei
Similar biochemically to e. Cloace and has been isolated from blood, urine, feces, sputum, and wounds
Enterobacter Asburiae
associated witn osteomyentis arter traumacic wounas.
Enterobacter cancerogenus (E. taylorae)
produces “prodigiosin”, pink-red pigment; most
evident when incubated at room temperature
Serratia marcescens, Serratia rubidaea, and Serratia plymuthica
musty and pungent odor or “rotten potato -like’
odor
Serratia odorifera
ferments arabinose arowth in KCN media
Serratia liquifacien
• most significant
• Causes outbreak in nurseries. burn units and cardiac surgery units
Serratia marcescen
has been linked to gastroenteritis and is occasionally isolated from stool curures.
Hafnia
•Ascends the urinary tract and infects both lower and
Upper UTi
Proteus
Disseminated in the environment. are normal intestinal microbiota. and are recoanized as
opportunistic pathogens
Proteus
widely recognized numan pathogens
Proteus vulgaris
widely recognized numan pathogens
Proteus vulgaris
• widely recognizea numan panogens
• produce “swarming” colonies on nonselective media
such as SBA
Proteus Mirabilis
causes UTI and neonatal sepsis Composed of only one specie: M. morganii.
Morganella
Has the ability to deaminate the amino acid
Phenylalaine
Providencia
most commonly found in the feces of children with diarrhea
Providencia alcalifaciens
outbreaks in burn units; isolated from urine cuture
Providencia stuartii
documented patnogen or urinary tract, also Diarrheal disease among travelers
Providencia rettgeri
only recognized human pathogen: causes
Bacteremia ana wound infections as opportunistic
Pathogen
Edwardsiella tarda
Considered as inhabitants of the GI tract and are
associated wit nospital-acquired infections - most frequentv UnIs
Citrobacter
Associated with infectious diseases acquired in hospital settings: UTIs, pneumonias and intraabdominal abscesses, endocarditis (intravenous drug abusers)
Citrobacter freundii
Most common mode or transmission - ingestion contaminated water or rood uncooked or undercooked seafood such as oysters, clams, or shrimp) formerly in family of vibrionacaea
Plesiomonas
It is found in soil and aquatic environments fresh
estuarine waters or tropical and subtropical climates)
Plesiomonas shigelloides
organisms produce Gl illnesses in humans - not normal biota of the human intestinal tract - inhabit the GI tracts of animalc
Salmonella and shigella
is a low level taxonomic rank, standing below species. A strain of a bacterial species represents
diversity within the species
Strain
is a sub-group of species. which are grouped
according to their antigenic properties.
Serotype
Found in cold-blooded animals as well as in rodents and birds natural host) and Most pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae
Salmonella
a rarely isolated species. named after the town of Bongor in Chad, Africa
Salmonella bongori
vomitina and diarrhea
Acute gastroenteritis or food poisoning
most severe form of enteric fever caused by Salmonella Serotype typhii
Typhoid fever
caused by other Salmonella serotypes (e.q..
Salmonella Paratvohi and Choleraesuis)
Enteric fevers
One of the most common forms of “food poisoning”
Salmonella - gastroenteritis
Closelv related with Escherichia
• Not a member of the normal Gl microbiota = all Sob can cause bacillary avsenterv
Shigella
Closelv related with Escherichia
• Not a member of the normal Gl microbiota = all Sob can cause bacillary avsenterv
Shigella
one of the causes of gray bowel syndrome
Shigella flexneri
causes the enteric aisease bacillary avsentery
Characterized by the presence of blood, mucus, and pus in stool
Shigella dysenteriae
Produces a
“delayed” positive fermentation of lactose
with the formation of dink colonies on MAC agar only after 48 hrs
Shigella sonnei
causative agent of plague, a disease primarily of rodents transmittea to numans by rleas
Yersinia pestis
most common: results from the bite of an infected flea
High fever with painful regional lymph nodes
Known as
buboes swollen lvmph nodes)
Bubonic or glandular form
bacteria spread to the bloodstream
Septicemia form
Occurs secondary to bubonic or septicemic plaque when organisms proliferate in the bloodstream and respiratory tract
Pneumonic form
caused sporadic cases or mesenteric lymphadenitis
in humans, especially in children, and generalized septicemic infections in immunocompromised hosts
Y pseudotuberculosis (and Y. enterocolitica)
Acquires thru ingestion or undercooked food (рогк, pork intestines and vacuum packed meat), dairy products (chocolate milk) and handling of pets
Y. enterocolitica
