Neiserria Flashcards
are aerobic, nonmotile, non–spore-forming, gram-negative diplococci (pairs)
Neisseria spp.
Important species of the genus Neisseria are:
- N. meningitidis,
- N. gonorrhoeae,
- N. flavescens,
- N. subflava,
- N. sicca,
- N. mucosa,
- N. lactamica
- N. polysacchareae
are the primary human pathogens of the genus Neisseria and iron growth
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis
Humans are the only natural host and meaning “Flow of seed”; Also known as “clap” from the French word clapoir meaning “brothel”
gonorrhea
Most commonly transmitted by sexual contact
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Primary reservoir o n gonorrhoeae
Asymptomatic carrie
Incubation period of neisseria gonorrhoear
2-7 days
Clinical presentation
- most common acute urethritis in men
- purulent discharge and dysuria
Site of infection in n. Gonorrhoeae
Most common endocervix
Complication of n. Gonorrhoeae
Inflammatory disease
N. Gonorrhoeae It is inhibited by
Sodium polyanethol sulfonate
non-venereal infection is in the newborn (gonococcal eye infection)
Ophthalmia neonatorum
The eyes are coated with gonococci as the baby passes down the birth canal
Ophthalmia neontorum
Ophthalmia neonatorum can result
Blindness
Specimen collection preferred to used
Dacron or rayon swab
N. Gonorrhoeae transport media used
Amies medium with charcoal (within 6 hours)
Other term of perihepatitis
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
Medium of Choice of n. Gonorrhoeae
Chocolate agar plate
Selective medium of n. Gonorrhoeae
- Thayer-Martin
- Modified Thayer-Martin
- Martin-Lewis
- New York City
- GC-LECT
inhibits gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi
Vancomycin and colistin
inhibits Proteus spp.
Trimethoprim
Incubation time of n. Gonorrhoeae
35 degree in 3-5% CO2
Nongonococcal Urethritis with organisms such as
Chlamydia trachomatis or ureaplasma urealyticum
Incubation is accomplished by use of
CO2 incubator or candle jar white wax only
CAP or Selective Agar colony morphology
small, gray to tan, translucent, and raised after 24-48 hours of incubation
N. Gonorrhoeae oxidase test positive result
Purple
traditional method for the identification of Neisseria spp.
Carbohydrate utilization
meaning “Flow of seed”; Also known as “clap” from the French word clapoir meaning “brothel”
gonorrhea
is added to neutralize the effects of SPS
Gelatin
Specimens are collected from genitals or other sites, such as
Rectum, pharynx, and joint fluid
Cell and colony Morphology of n. Gonorrhoeae
Cell: Aerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, flat diplococci (kidney-like shape)
Colony: Small, gray to tan color, Translucent, Raised colonies
Natural habitat of n. Gonorrhoeae
Commensals in Mucous Membrane Respiratory tract and urogenital tract
N. Gonorrhoeae is only fermenter in
Glucose
If the organism uses the particular carbohydrate what is the production
Acid production (yellow in color)
It is an important etiologic agent of meningitis and meningococcemia
Neisseria meningitidids
n. Meningitidis Can be found on the mucosal surfaces of the
Nasopharynx and oropharynx
Mode of transmission of n. Meningitidis
Droplet
Incubation period for n. Meningitidis
1-10 days
• Frontal headache
• Stiff neck (nuchal rigidity)
• Confusion
• Photophobia
• 10-15% mortality rate; 10-20% neurologic complications or seizures
Meningitis
• Frontal headache
• Stiff neck (nuchal rigidity)
• Confusion
• Photophobia
• 10-15% mortality rate; 10-20% neurologic complications or seizures
Meningitis
Purpura (hemorrhaging of blood into the skin and mucous membranes producing bruises) with petechial skin rash (pinpoint red spot caused by hemorrhage)
• Tachycardia
• Hypotension
• Thrombosis
• In some cases, the disease becomes fulminant and spreads rapidly, causing:
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation,
- Septic shock
- Hemorrhage in the adrenal glands (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome)
Meningococcemia
Collection used in N. Meningitidis
Collection: CSF aspirate, Blood aspirate, Nasopharynx aspirate/swab, joint fluid; (uncommon) sputum aspirate, urogenital swab
Meduim used n. Meningitidis
Sba and cap
Cell Morphology of n. Meningitidis
Cell: Aerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, flat diplococci (kidney-like shape)
Colony: Medium, gray, convex colonies
with green tinge when in SBA
Antibiotic for Meningitis
Penicillin
Antibiotic for meningococcemia
Third generation of cephalosporin
Chemoprophylaxis of n. Meningitidis
Rifampin or ciprofloxacin/azithromycin
Cell morphology of moraxella catarrhalis
Non-capsulated, non-motile, Assacharolytic
Smooth, opaque, Grayish to White color; “Hockey Puck” appearance, “Wagon Wheel” appearance
Specimen collection of moraxella catarrhalis
Middle ear effusion, nasopharynx, sinus, sputum, bronchi
Medium used in moraxella catarrhalis
Cap and sba
Antibiotic for moraxella catarrhalis
Penicillin
Most strains can tolerate lower temperature and grow well at in moraxella catarrhalis
Lower temperatures 28 Celsius
“wagon-wheel” appearance in moraxella catarrhalis
Older colonies
• misidentified as N. gonorrhoeae
• Non-glucose fermenter
• Grows on SBA
• Susceptible to colistin
N. cinerea
• yellow-pigmented Neisseria species that is asaccharolytic
N. flavescens
• large, very mucoid colonies (often adhere to the agar)
N. mucosa
• glucose, maltose and lactose fermenter
• Misidentified as N. meningitidis (glucose and maltose fermenter only)
N. Lactamica
• produces large amounts of extracellular polysaccharide when grown in media containing 1% or 5% sucrose
N. polysaccharea
• dry, wrinkled, adherent, and breadcrumb-like colonies
N. sicca
• dry, wrinkled, adherent, and breadcrumb-like colonies
N. sicca
• “less yellow”
N. subflava
• rod-shaped
N. elongata, N. weaveri, N. bacilliformis
