Stomach imaging SDL Flashcards
what is a sphincter
A ring-shaped muscle that relaxes or tightens to open or close a passage or opening in the body
what is peristalsis
involuntary contraction and relaxation of longitudinal and circular muscles throughout the digestive tract, allowing for the propulsion of contents through the GIT
what is the difference between voluntary and involuntary swallowing
voluntary: Chewing of food and mixing of saliva, the tongue forces bolus towards the pharynx
involuntary: At this stage, swallowing cannot be stopped or reversed, the swallowing centre is activated, the upper oesophageal sphincter relaxes and food slides up the epiglottis into the oesophagus.
what is deglutition
action/process of swallowing
what is prmary peristalsis
peristalsis induced by swallowing
what is secondary peristalsis
If the food gets stuck, the oesophagus will distend. Local reflexes at these distention sites trigger forceful secondary waves.
where is the swallowing centre and how is it activated
The swallowing centre in the medullar oblongata is activated by pressure-sensitive sensors in the pharynx
what is dysphagia
difficulty or discomfort in swallowing
what is regurgitation
Regurgitation is the expulsion of material from the pharynx, or esophagus, usually characterized by the presence of undigested food or blood
what is vomiting
forceful evacuation of stomach contents, with retching, that travels fast and cannot be held up in the mouth.
what colour should the normal esophagus be on esophagoscopy
pale grey/pink (always paler than stomach mucosa)
should food be present in the normal esophagus on esophagoscopy
no
can you see submucosal vessels in the esophagus on esophagoscopy
in puppies and cats maybe, but NOT in dogs
how is this dog positioned
- can see spine in center so has to be DV or VD
- can see 2 distinct areas where contrast has pooled, cardia and pylorus
- must be in dorsal recumbency so VD
what position is this dog in
sternal recumbency
- contrast fluid has pooled at the most depended area which is at the fundus/cardiac region
is this a left or right lateral image
left lateral
- 2 distinct areas of air and fluid
right or left lateral
right lateral
- pylorus has contrast in meaning must be lower than cardiac region for fluid to pool here
- suggests patient is laying on right side
