Stimulants and Alcohol

Question 1

MOA of Caffeine

Answer 1

inhibits cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3
increases NE and DA release
both enhance neural activity

Question 2

Caffeine Toxicity

Answer 2

CNS stimulation with tremor, insomnia, nervousness, cardiac stimulation

Question 3

Caffeine Withdrawal

Answer 3

lethargy, sedation

headaches, nausea, irritability

Question 4

MOA of Nicotine

Answer 4

depolarizes nicotinic receptors causing euphoria and arousal

Question 5

Nicotine Use

Answer 5

stop smoking

Question 6

Nicotine Withdrawal

Answer 6

irritability, impatience, hostility, anxiety, depressed

Question 7

MOA of Detroamphetamine and Methamphetamine

Answer 7

causes release of NE, DA, serotonin

Question 8

Use of Amphetamines

Answer 8

narcolepsy

Question 9

Toxicity of Amphetamines

Answer 9

agitation, restlessness, tachycardia

cerebral hemorrhage and renal failure

Question 10

MOA of Cocaine

Answer 10

inhibits CNS reuptake transporters of DA, NE, serotonin

Question 11

Cocaine Toxicity

Answer 11

arrhythmias, seizures, respiratory depression

vasoconstriction causing severe HTN, infarcts, and strokes

Question 12

Ethanol Metabolism

Answer 12

ethanol converted to acetaldehyde (toxic) by ADH, and then converted to acetate by ALDH

Question 13

> 500mg/dL of alcohol

Answer 13

lethal

inhibits glutamate’s ability to activate NMDA receptors

Question 14

Chronic Effects of Ethanol

Answer 14

hepatitis, pancreatitis
tolerance and dependance
neurotoxicity- peripheral neuropathy
Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome

Question 15

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Answer 15

thiamine (Vit B1) deficiency
ataxia, confusion, paralysis
treated with parenteral thiamine

Question 16

Ethanol and Pregnancy

Answer 16

mental retardation

growth deficiencies

Question 17

Mx for Alcohol Withdrawal

Answer 17

benzodiazepine
thiamine
correct electrolyte imbalance

Question 18

Alcohol Withdrawal

Answer 18

insomnia, tremor, anxiety

Question 19

Drugs to treat alcohol dependance

Answer 19

disulfiram
naltrexone
acamprosate

Question 20

MOA of Disulfiram

Answer 20

inhibits ALDH so acetaldehyde accumulates

causes extreme discomfort when drinking

Question 21

SE of Disulfiram

Answer 21

vasodilation- flushed face, headache, hypotension

thirst, sweating, chest pain, vomiting

Question 22

Disulfiram + Naltrexone

Answer 22

causes hepatotoxicity

Question 23

Pharmacokinetics of Acamprosate

Answer 23

poorly absorbed, food decreases absorption more

cant be used w/ renal failure

Question 24

SE of Acamprosate

Answer 24

GI disorders- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 25

Tx for Methanol Poisoning

Answer 25

Fomepizole

Question 26

Tx for Ethylene Glycol Poisoning

Answer 26

Fomepizole

Question 27

Tx for Isopropyl Alcohol Poisoning

Answer 27

ethanol