Anesthetics

Question 1

Induction

drug

Answer 1

done via IV

Propofol

Question 2

Maintenance

drug

Answer 2

sustain anesthesia

nitrous oxide and halogenated hydrocarbons

Question 3

Drugs given via inhalation

Answer 3

nitrous oxide

Halothane, Enflurane

Question 4

Drugs given via IV

Answer 4

Propofel
Benzodiazepines
Ketamine

Question 5

Targets of Benzodiazepines, Etomidate, and Propofol

Answer 5

GABA Cl channels

Question 6

Targets of Barbituates and Propofel

Answer 6

Glycine Cl channels

Question 7

Minimum Alveolar Concentration

MAC

Answer 7

conc of drug that prevents a pain response in 50% of patients
more lipid soluble = lower MAC = greater potency
lower in elderly and in presence of opiates or sedatives

Question 8

Partial Pressure

Answer 8

moves gas into lungs to blood to brain

Question 9

Halothane

Answer 9

no longer used because it caused fulminant hepatic necrosis

Question 10

Enflurane SE

Answer 10

decreases heart force and causes seizures

Question 11

Propofel

Answer 11

for induction and maintenance

acts at GABA receptors

Question 12

Ketamine

Answer 12

induction

NMDA antagonist

Question 13

Local Anesthetics are an acid or base?

Answer 13

weak base

Question 14

LA should not be used where?

Answer 14

injected into infected tissue

Question 15

Lipophilic

Answer 15

needed for anesthetic to bind

increases potency and duration and toxicity

Question 16

Hydrophilic

Answer 16

ionizable

Question 17

Drugs used for LA

Answer 17

Esters

Amides

Question 18

Examples of Esters

Answer 18

Procaine

Tetracaine

Question 19

Examples of Amides

Answer 19

Bupivacaine

Lidocaine

Question 20

Esters are used for….

Answer 20

topical LA

Question 21

Amides are used for….

Answer 21

injectable LA

Question 22

More extracellular Ca causes….

Answer 22

antagonizes LA effects

Question 23

Increasing extracellular K causes

Answer 23

enhances LA effects

Question 24

Which nerve fibers are easiest to block?

Answer 24

small; myelinated

Question 25

Cocaine

Answer 25

constricts blood vessels, prevents own absorption

Question 26

Metabolize Esters

Answer 26

Esterase

Question 27

Metabolize Amides

Answer 27

P450 system in liver

Question 28

Bupivacaine SE

Answer 28

cardiovascular toxicity

Question 29

Tetracaine Use

Answer 29

spinal and ophthalmic anesthesia

rapid onset, long duration

Question 30

Cocaine cannot be used in….

Answer 30

angle closure glaucoma patients

Question 31

Bupivacaine

Answer 31

long acting

blocks peripheral nerve and epidural

Question 32

Lidocaine

Answer 32

used in cataract surgery

used for infiltration, peripheral and central nerve blocks, and as antiarrhythmic