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Pharmacology II > Anxiety and Sleep > Flashcards

Anxiety and Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

GABA and anxiety

A

decreased GABA = increased anxiety

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2
Q

Serotonin and anxiety

A

decreased serotonin = increased anxiety

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3
Q

NE and anxiety

A

Decreased NE = increased anxiety

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4
Q

Busiprone

A

tx for generalized anxiety disorder

useful in patients without comorbid depression or other anxiety disorders

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5
Q

First line treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Benzodiazepines

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6
Q

TCAs

A

tx for GAD

useful for patients with comorbid depression

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7
Q

Examples of Benzodiazepines

A

short acting- triazolam, oxazepam, lorazepam

long acting- diazepam, flurazepam, clonazepam

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8
Q

Flumazenil

A

blocks BZ1 and BZ2 receptors to rapidly reverse action of benzodiazepines

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9
Q

MOA of Benzodiazepines

A

increase frequency of Cl channel opening
binds on BZ1- sedative
BZ2- antianxiety, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant

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10
Q

BZs not metabolized by the liver

A

Lorazepam and Oxazepam

better for elderly and those with hepatic dysfunction

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11
Q

SE of BZs

A

CNS depression- drowsiness

anterograde amnesia

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12
Q

Chronic BZ use leads to….

A

dependence and abuse

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13
Q

Antidepressants for GAD

A

SSRIs

SNRIs

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14
Q

Examples of SSRIs

A

Escitalopram

paroxetine

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15
Q

MOA of SSRIs

A

block neuronal serotonin transporter (SERT)

inhibits reuptake of serotonin, prolonging its action

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16
Q

SE of SSRIs

A

sexual dysfunction

17
Q

Drug Interactions of SSRIs

A

paroxetine with TCAs- cardiotoxicity

not CNS depressants- good if history of substance abuse

18
Q

MOA of SNRIs

A

block SERT and NET to inhibit reuptake of serotonin and NE

19
Q

SE of SNRIs

A

cardiac effect due to NE
nausea, headache, dry mouth
sexual dysfunction

20
Q

Examples of TCAs

A

imipramine

21
Q

MOA of TCAs

A

block SERT and NET to inhibit reuptake of serotonin and NE

22
Q

SE of TCAs

A

block of M receptors- dry mouth, tachycardia, sedation, weight gain
a1 receptor block- hypotension, tachycardia

23
Q

MOA of Buspirone

A

inhibits NET

24
Q

SE of Buspirone

A

nausea, headaches

not CNS depressant

25
Q

Immediate relief for panic attack

A

BZs

26
Q

Tx of Social Anxiety Disorder

A

antidepressants- SSRIs and SNRIs

B blockers

27
Q

BZs for Insomnia

A

Triazolam

Flurazepam

28
Q

Non-BZ GABA Agonists for Insomnia

A

Zolpidem

Zaleplon

29
Q

Advantages of Non-BZs over BZs

A

less withdrawal, tolerance, rebound insomnia

no BZ2 effect

30
Q

Melatonin Receptor Antagonists for Insomnia

A

Ramelteon

31
Q

Least effective Insomnia Drug

A

Melatonin Receptor Agonist

Pharmacology II (16 decks)

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