Hypothalamic and Pituitary Flashcards
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
GnRH
controls release of FSH and LH
GnRH Agonists Examples
leuprolide
goserelin (Relin)
longer than natural half life
Pulsatile Doses of GnRH
cyclic, mimics normal
replacement therapy
Steady Doses of GnRH
causes inhibition of gonadotropin release
suppression therapy
first week acts as agonist (flare, inhibition after
Use of Pulsatile Dosing of GnRH
female and male infertility
Use of Continuous Dosing of GnRH
Prostate Cancer
GnRH Antagonists Examples
Ganirelix
RELIX
Uses for GnRH Antagonists
prostate cancer
Advantages of GnRH Antagonists over Agonists
no flare
more rapid onset of inhibitory effects
GH Antagonists
inhibits release of GH, glucagon, insulin, gastrin
Example of GH Antagonists
Octreotide- somatostatin analog
Uses of GH Antagonists
acromegaly or gigantism
hormone secreting tumors (carcinoid)
SE of GH Antagonists
biliary sludge
gallstones
sinus bradycardia
Prolactin
lactation
regulated by dopamine
no replacements available
Prolactin Antagonists
dopamine agonists
more dopamine = less prolactin
Example of Prolactin Antagonists
Cabergoline
Elevated Prolactin
inhibits ovulation- menstrual irregularities
decreased libido and gynecomastia in men
Oxytocin
milk ejection
uterine contractions in pharmacologic doses
maintain labor
Use of Oxytocin
induce labor
control postpartum hemorrhage
SE of Oxytocin
water retention
Vasopressin
ADH
water retention
Vasopressin V1a
constrict blood vessels
Vasopressin V2
kidney
Desmopressin
vasopressin agonist
Uses of Desmopressin
central diabetes insipidus
type 1 von Willebrand disease- shorten bleeding (factor 8)
hemophilia A
nocturnal enuresis
Vasopressin Antagonist Examples
conivaptan
tolvaptan
Use of Conivaptan
blocks V1 and V2
treat SIADH
Use of Tolvaptan
blocks V2
treat SIADH
SIADH
too much ADH, impaired water excretion
increases blood volume
Central Diabetes Insipidus
caused by head injury
results in deficiency in ADH
Demeclocycline
blocks V2
for SIADH
