Pulmonary Flashcards
Short Acting B2 Agonists
SABA
drug of choice for quick relief of asthma attack
rescue inhaler
5-15 min onset, lasts 4-6 hours
Examples of SABAs
albuterol
Long Acting B2 Agonists
LABA
adjunct to SABAs
1 hr onset, lasts 12 hrs
Examples of LABAs
salmeterol
MOA of SABAs and LABAs
relax bronchial smooth muscle by acting on B2 receptors
SE of SABAs and LABAs
skeletal muscle tremor, cardiac stimulations on excessive doses
Inhaled Corticosteroids
example and use
Fluticasone
for acute attacks
Systemic Corticosteroids
example and use
prednisolone, prednisone
prevent attacks
Use of Corticosteroids
controller medication for persistent attacks
MoA of Corticosteroids
act on glucocorticoid receptors and stimulate protein synthesis
anti-inflammatory
takes 4-12 hrs to work
Benefits of Corticosteroids
inhibit inflammation at all levels
reduce mucous production
increase B2 receptor levels
SE of Inhaled Corticosteroids
thrush / candidiasis
use spacer to get more to lungs; rinse out mouth after use
Example of Long Acting Muscarinic Antagonist
LAMA
tiotropium
Use of SAMA and LAMA
COPD
SE of SAMA and LAMA
sympathetic effects
Cromolyn MoA
antiinflammatory
inhibits pulmonary mast cell degranulation, cant release histamine, leukotrienes, TNF-a
Least toxic drug to treat asthma
Cromolyn
Leukotriene Antagonist Examples
montelukast
zileuton
MoA of Leukotriene Antagonists
blocks leukotriene receptor cys-LT1 - montelukast
blocks 5-lipoxygenase enzyme - zileuton
Use of Leukotriene Antagonist
alternatives to inhaled steroids
allergies
taken orally
Meds to stop smoking
Nicotine
Bupropion
Varenicline
Bupropion
blocks reuptake of NE and DA
antidepressant
smoking
Varenicline
nicotinic receptor partial agonist
blocks release of dopamine- less reward from smoking
SE of Bupropion and Varenicline
suicide
Bronchodilators used to manage COPD
SABA- as needed
LAMA- daily preventative
Mx for Rhinitis
H1 receptor antagonists
decongestants- phenylephrine
corticosteroids
cromolyn
Dextromethorphan
acts on cough center in medulla to raise threshold for coughing
SE for Dextromethorphan
high doses cause CNS depression
Benzonatate
anesthetizes stretch receptors in respiratory passages
decreases coughing
Example of Expectorants
Guaifenesin
