Diabetes Flashcards
GLUT4
cause uptake of glucose into muscles
phosphorylated by tyrosine kinase, which needs insulin to work
GLUT2
causes uptake of glucose into pancreas B cells
How B Cells Work
glucose enters cell
ATP increases, causing K channels to close
Ca channels open, causing release of insulin
Treating T1D
give insulin
Examples of Mealtime Insulin
lispro (Humalog) (faster)
regular insulin
Advantage of Lispro of R Insulin
not as likely to have hypoglycemia
better glucose control
Onset of Action of Mealtime Insulin
15 min
R = 30 min
Examples of Basal Insulin
NPH (old)
Glargine (Lantus)
Basal Insulin
no peak- constant plasma levels
better glycemic control
Intensive Insulin Therapy
combines mealtime with basal
Metformin
inhibits gluconeogenesis (liver) increase ovulation in polycystic ovarian syndrome
SE of Metformin
lactic acidosis in renal dysfunction
Thiazolidinediones
TZD
increases sensitivity to insulin
act on PPAR in adipose tissue
increases HDL and decreases TG
Example of TZD
Pioglitazone
SE of TZD
weight gain and edema
a-Glucosidase Inhibitors
inhibits a-glucosidase in SI
decreases absorption of starch and disaccharides
Example of a-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Acarbase
SE of a-Glucosidase Inhibiters
farting
Sulfonylureas MOA
stim insulin release from B cells
Example of Sulfonylureas
Glipizide
SE of Sulfonylureas
hypoglycemia
Exenatide
acts as incretin mimetic (more insulin)
promotes satiety and reducing food intake
Incretin Hormones
increase glucose dependent insulin secretion
Use of Exenatide
adjunct to other T2D meds
Sitagliptin MOA
inhibits DPP-4 (enzyme that inactivates incretin)
causes more insulin to be released
Examples of SGLT2 Inhibitors
Canagliflozin
MOA of SGLT2 Inhibitors
blocks SGLT 2, stopping glucose reabsoption
SE of SGLT2 Inhibitors
female UTI
