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Pharmacology II > Opioids > Flashcards

Opioids Flashcards

1
Q

Opioids

A

relieve moderate to severe pain

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2
Q

Nociceptors

A

pain receptors

afferent neurons in the ascending pathway

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3
Q

A-delta Fibers

A

large diameter, sparsely myelinated

evokes sharp, well localized pain- somatic

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4
Q

C Fibers

A

small diameter, unmyelinated

makes aching, poorly localized pain- visceral

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5
Q

Neurotransmitters of the descending pathway

A

norepinephrine
serotonin
inhibit ascending pain pathway

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6
Q

Delta Receptors Locations

A

widely throughout CNS

in some peripheral tissues

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7
Q

Mu Receptors Locations

A

B- Endorphin in hypothalamus

anterior lobe of pituitary

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8
Q

K receptors Locations

A

hypothalamus

posterior lobe of pituitary gland

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9
Q

Opioid receptors are coupled to…..

A

adenylyl cyclase and G-proteins

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10
Q

Functions of Mu and Delta Receptors

A

sedation

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11
Q

Opioid Action at Presynaptic Level

A

closes voltage gated Ca channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release

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12
Q

Morphine Receptors

A

Mu

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13
Q

Mixed Action Opioid Receptors

A

K receptors

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14
Q

Used to control pain in Keratitis

A

codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, pentazocine, tramadol

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15
Q

Opioids and Fetus

A

can cross placental barrier

causes respiratory depression and physical dependents

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16
Q

Active metabolite of morphine

A

morphine-6-glucuronide

17
Q

Condition increasing the half life of opioids

A

liver disease

18
Q

Most analgesic and euphoric opioids

A

oxycodone

19
Q

Side Effects of Opioids

A 
cough suppresion
constipation
orthostatic hypotension
reduced libido, urinary retention
blurred vision, miosis, diplopia
20
Q

Classic Triplet of Opioid Toxicity

A

pinpoint pupils
respiratory depression
coma

21
Q

Opioid Withdrawal

A

mydriasis, chills, hyperventilation, diarrhea, anxiety

22
Q

Treating Heroin Addiction

A

Methadone

Naltrexone

23
Q

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

A

contraindications of all opioids

causes hyperpyrexia coma and hypertension

24
Q

Uses during Acute Pain

A

strong agonists- fentanyl and morphine

IV

25
Q

Uses during less severe and chronic pain

A

moderate agonists

oral

26
Q

Strong Agonists

A

Morphine

27
Q

Moderate Agonists

A

Codeine, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone

28
Q

Partial Agonists

A

Burprenorphine

29
Q

Mixed Agonists-Antagonists

A

Pentazocine

30
Q

Full Antagonists

A

Nalaxone

31
Q

Managing Acute Pulmonary Edema

A

morphine

32
Q

Methadone

A

used in maintenance of opiate addiction and withdrawal

33
Q

Codeine

A

cough suppressant
analgesia
used in combo with NSAIDs

34
Q

Naltrexone

A

decreases desire for alcohol

opiate addiction

35
Q

Methylnaltrexone

A

treatment of opioid induced constipation

Pharmacology II (16 decks)

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