Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology II > Adrenal and Bone > Flashcards

Adrenal and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Mineralocorticoids

Aldosterone

A

regulates sodium and potassium absorption in collecting tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Examples of Glucocorticoids

A

cortisol
prednisone
dexamethasone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Metabolic Effects of Glucocorticoids

A

stim gluconeogenesis
decrease muscle mass
osteoporosis and decreased growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Glucocorticoids

A

inhibits PLA2, COX2, IL2, IL3, PAF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Immunosuppressive Effects

A

inhibit cell mediated response

for organ transplants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Examples of Mineralocorticoids

A

aldosterone

fludrocortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Effects of Mineralocorticoids

A

increases sodium transfer through sodium channels in collecting ducts of kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Excess Mineralocorticoids

A

metabolic alkalosis

increases hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Deficiencies of Adrenocortical Hormones

A

increased ACTH and adrenal hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tx for Addison’s Disease

Chronic Adrenal Insufficiency

A

20-30mg of hydrocortisone QD

supplement with fludrocortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tx for Acute Adrenal Insufficiency

A

immediate tx of hydrocortisone

100mg IV every 8 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

A

from adrenal hyperplasia from tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Signs/ Symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome

A

rounded, trunk obesity, muscle wasting, purple striae, moon face, osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment of Cushing’s Syndrome

A

remove tumor

300mg hydrocortisone QD on day of surgery, reduced over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ketoconazole MOA

A

inhibits 17a- hydroxylase

blocks synthesis of androgens and cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Use of Ketoconazole

A

fungal infections

rapid reduction of testosterone levels in prostate cancer treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SE of Ketoconazole

A

hepatotoxicity

menstrual irregularities, gynecomastia, decreased libido, impotence

18
Q

MOA Spironolactone

A

aldosterone receptor blockers

androgen receptor bocker

19
Q

Therapeutic Use of Spironolactone

A

CHF
hyperaldosteronism
female hirsutism

20
Q

SE of Spironolactone

A

hyperkalemia
acidosis
gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities

21
Q

Normal Plasma Levels of Calcium

A

8.5-10.4 mg/dl

22
Q

Phosphate

A

important in intermediary and energy metabolism- making ATP

80% in bone, 15% in soft tissue

23
Q

Vitamin D Synthesis

A

in skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol under UV light

24
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

natural form, obtained from diet

Vit D3

25
Q

Ergocalciferol

A

plant form, obtained from diet

Vit D2

26
Q

Calcitriol

1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D

A

biologically active metabolite of Vit D

27
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A

increases Ca and Vit D Ca

decreases calcitonin ca

28
Q

Osteoporosis

A

low bone density
impaired bone architecture
poor bone strength

29
Q

RANKL

A

precursor for osteoclasts

increased with excess glucocorticoids

30
Q

Signs of Osteoporosis

A

kyphosis

lordosis

31
Q

Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

A

loss in ovarian hormone production- estrogen
loss estrogen increases Ca excretion and decreases Ca absorption
lost bone density

32
Q

Alendronate, Risedronate MOA

A

inhibits bone resorption

decreases osteoclast maturation, number, life span

33
Q

Use of Alendronate, Risedronate

A

drug of choice for osteoporosis, hypercalcemia

34
Q

SE of Alendronate, Risedronate

A

esophageal irritation, esophagitis, heartburn

osteonecrosis of jaw

35
Q

Denosumab

A

inhibits RANKL

treatment of osteoporosis in women and men at high risk of fracture

36
Q

MOA of Denosumab

A

blocks RANKL from binding its receptor

stopping osteoclastogenesis and increases osteoclast apoptosis

37
Q

SE of Denosumab

A

infections of bone, muscle, joints

38
Q

MOA of Raloxifene

A

partial agonist at estrogen receptors

39
Q

Use of Raloxifene

A

stabilizes and increases bone mineral density

tx and prevention of osteoporosis

40
Q

SE of Raloxifene

A

hot flushes and increases risk of venous thrombosis

Pharmacology II (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions