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Pharmacology II > NSAIDs and Antihistamines > Flashcards

NSAIDs and Antihistamines Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation

A

normal, protective response to tissue injury caused by physical trauma, noxious chemicals, microbiological agents

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2
Q

Nonselective COX Inhibitors: Salicylates examples

A

aspirin

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3
Q

Nonselective COX Inhibitors: Non-Salicylates examples

A

ibuprofen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, ketorolac

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4
Q

COX2 Inhibitor example

A

Celecoxib

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5
Q

Aspirin MOA

A

irreversibly inactivates COX

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis at PGE2

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6
Q

Low dose of Aspirin (<300mg)

A

inhibit platelet aggregation

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7
Q

SE of Aspirin

A

GI irritation
prolongs bleeding- cant have before surgery
blocks PGE2 and PGF2a that stops protective mucous secretions of stomach
Reye Syndrome

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8
Q

Countering SE of Aspirin

A

take with food and water

antacids

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9
Q

Reye Syndrome

A

fatal hepatitis with cerebral edema

aspirin during viral infections

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10
Q

Ibuprofen/ Ketoprofen MOA

A

inhibits COX

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11
Q

Diclofenac

A

formed in combination with misoprostol

0.1% used in post op eye inflammation

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12
Q

Ketorolac

A

used to treat seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

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13
Q

Celecoxib

A

inhibits COX2
used for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain
reduced risk for GI issues

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14
Q

Celecoxib should not be used on…

A

patients allergic to sulfonamides

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15
Q

Acetaminophen

A

analgesic and antipyretic

no anti-inflammatory effect

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16
Q

Pharmacokinetics of Acetaminophen

A

made by glucuronidation and sulfation; part is hydroxylated to NAPQI- dangerous unless reacting with glutathione

17
Q

Comparing Acetaminophen with Aspirin

A

no effect on platelets

does not cause Reye Syndrome

18
Q

SE of Acetaminophen

A

large doses cause hepatic necrosis- liver failure

19
Q

Countering SE of Acetaminophen

A

acetylcysteine

20
Q

Histamines

A

lead to inflammatory responses- runny nose, anaphylactic shock

21
Q

H1 Receptors (Gq)

A

smooth muscle, endothelium, brain

22
Q

H2 Receptors (Gs)

A

Gastric Mucosa

23
Q

Triple Response of Lewis- intradermal injection of histamine

A

red spot- few mm
flare- 1 cm beyond site
wheal- 1-2 min

24
Q

First vs Second Gen H1 Receptor Antagonists

A

sedative vs nonsedative

25
Q

First Gen H1 Receptor Antagonists

A

mine and zine
sedation
lipid soluble- CNS penetration, cross BBB

26
Q

Second Gen H1 Receptor Agonists

A

Dine
non sedating or weak sedation
no drug interactions
does not cross BBB

27
Q

Promethazine

A

H1

motion sickness, morning sickness

28
Q

Cetirizine

A

H1

mast cell stabilizer and anti-inflammatory

29
Q

Cyproheptadine

A

H1

appetite stimulant

30
Q

Increase effects of antihistamines

A

MAOI

31
Q

Antihistamines with no CNS entry

A

loratadine

fexofenadine

Pharmacology II (16 decks)

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